Electrons and positrons from expanding supernova envelopes in dense clouds

If antiprotons in cosmic rays are produced as secondary particles in sources, it is expected that positrons are also created by the same process. The interstellar spectra of positrons and electrons are calculated by taking into account such sources. Spectra are then compared with observations

Photoionization of the valence orbitals of OH

We report the results of studies of the photoionization cross sections and asymmetry parameters for the 3σ and 1π levels of OH, corresponding to the production of the A ^3Π, c ^1Π, a ^1Δ, b ^1Σ+, and X ^3Σ− molecular ions. The calculations employed multiplet‐specific Hartree–Fock potentials and numerical photoelectron continuum orbitals, obtained using the iterative Schwinger variational method. Noticeable nonstatistical behavior of the cross sections is seen, mainly for the 1π level, although deviations are not as pronounced as in other open‐shell systems. Comparison with fragmentary experimental data is encouraging, although synchrotron radiation studies are needed to fully assess the accuracy of the calculated cross sections

Numerical tools for the theoretical study of QCD at small x

In this contribution we present the status of two numerical tools designed to study the small x limit of QCD. The first one is a Monte Carlo simulation of the BFKL evolution equation. In design of this approach emphasis has been placed on exploiting the linear behaviour that many variants of the BFKL evolution possess. This allows us to design a procedure which can be used to study theoretical and phenomenological aspects of different kernels. The second one is a semi-analytic approach to study Lipatov's effective action which describes Reggeon interactions. The study of the properties of this action is very complicated and we propose using a computational tool to handle the large amount of non--local vertices and the derivation of higher order corrections.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. International Workshop on Diffraction in High-Energy Physics -DIFFRACTION 2006 - September 5-10 2006 Adamantas, Milos island, Greec

Chemical Environment Selectivity in Mössbauer Diffraction from 57Fe3Al

Mössbauer diffraction was used to measure different autocorrelation functions for 57Fe atoms in different chemical environments. The sample was polycrystalline 57Fe3Al with the ordered DO3 structure. Diffraction peaks from a fcc structure with a doubled unit cell were detected when the incident radiation was tuned to the Mössbauer resonance of the Wyckoff 4(b) Fe site, but not for tuning to the 8(c) site, thereby distinguishing the spatial arrangements of these two Fe sites

Shape-resonance-induced non-Franck–Condon effects in (2+1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization of the C 3Πg state of O2

We show that strong non-Franck–Condon effects observed in (2+1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization of the C 3Pig state of O2 are due to the ksigmau shape resonance previously observed in single-photon studies of diatomic molecules. Calculated vibrational branching ratios for the v=2,3 levels of the C 3Πg state are in reasonable agreement with experiment. Certain discrepancies remain in comparing theoretical results with the measured spectra, and possible electron-correlation effects which underly this are discussed

Thermodynamic and chemical parameters of the exhaust effluents from the HARPOON booster motor

The exhaust products from the Harpoon booster motors were analyzed using both thermodynamic analysis and finite-rate chemistry. The resulting constituents are presented together with a discussion of the techniques employed

Global estimates and projections of mortality by cause, 1970-2015

The authors report estimates and projections of deaths by cause for major world regions, based on data from country reports to the World Health Organization and regression models. They report mortality rates for seven major causes: infectious and parasitic diseases, neoplasms, circulatory system diseases, complications of pregnancy, certain perinatal conditions, injury and poisoning, and other causes. Some more specific causes are reported on. They give estimates for six age groups by sex for four years (1970, 1985, 2000, and 2015) and six country groups: industrial market economies, industrial nonmarket economies, Latin America and the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, and Asia and the Pacific. Among their findings: The population over 45 in developing countries is projected to more than double between 1985 and 2015, rising from 17 to 24 percent of the population. Causes of death, which are closely related to age at death, must change accordingly. Infant mortality in developing countries is projected to fall from 78 per thousand in 1985 to 43 per thousand in 2015 and life expectancy at birth in developing countries is projected to rise by five years. The leading causes of death for the world as a whole for both 1970 and 1985 were infectious and parasitic diseases and circulatory system diseases - with the first more important in developing countries, and the second more important in developed countries. Certain perinatal conditions were also more important for developing countries, but accounted for only a fourth or a fifth as many deaths in 1985. Neoplasms were more important in developed than in developing countries. Deaths from infectious diseases are expected to decline as a percentage of deaths; proportionate deaths from diseases of the circulatory system are expected to rise. The greatest number of deaths will continue to be in Asia, where almost half of all deaths in the world take place. This proportion is not projected to change. Better data on causes of death are essential. The World Health Organization is working with countries to strengthen their cause-of-death information systems as an essential support for health monitoring.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Indicators,Early Child and Children's Health,Adolescent Health,Demographics

Diffusion algorithms and data reduction routine for onsite launch predictions for the transport of Titan 3 C exhaust effluents

The NASA/MSFC multilayer diffusion algorithms have been specialized for the prediction of the surface impact for the dispersive transport of the exhaust effluents from the launch of a Titan 3 vehicle. This specialization permits these transport predictions to be made at the launch range in real time so that the effluent monitoring teams can optimize their monitoring grids. Basically, the data reduction routine requires just the meteorology profiles for the thermodynamics and kinematics of the atmosphere as an input. These profiles are graphed along with the resulting exhaust cloud rise history, the center line concentrations and dosages, and the hydrogen chloride isopleths

Observed antiprotons and energy dependent confinement of cosmic rays: A conflict?

In the frame work of energy dependent confinement for cosmic rays, the energy spectrum inside the source is flatter than that observed. Antiproton observation suggests large amount of matter is being traversed by cosmic rays in some sources. As a result, secondary particles are produced in abundance. Their spectra was calculated and it is shown that the energy dependent confinement model is in conflict with some observations