Achieving dietary recommendations and reducing greenhouse gas emissions : modelling diets to minimise the change from current intakes

Acknowledgements We are grateful to Mr Hubert Ehlert for extending the work on the coding for the linear programming and to Mrs Jennifer Loe for preparing the dataset matching the food consumption data with the GHGE data. Funding This work was supported as part of the research programme funded by the Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division [RESAS].Peer reviewedPublisher PD

An evaluation of the IDEEA™ activity monitor for estimating energy expenditure

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Attitudes towards, and purchasing of, Scottish beef and beef products in Scotland : A short communication

This work was supported by the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services (RESAS) Division. RESAS had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article.Peer reviewedPostprin

Buying less and wasting less food. Changes in household food energy purchases, energy intakes and energy density between 2007 and 2012 with and without adjustment for food waste

Acknowledgements Financial support: This work was supported by the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services (RESAS) Division. RESAS had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Kantar Worldpanel had no role in study design or data analysis. Authorship: S.W. was responsible for formulating the research question and analysing the data. G.W.H provided statistical advice. S.W., J.I.M. and G.W.H. contributed to the preparation of the manuscript. Ethics of human subject participation: Not applicable.Peer reviewedPostprin

Differences in expenditure and amounts of fresh foods, fruits & vegetables and fish purchased in urban and rural Scotland

Acknowledgements Financial support: This work was supported by the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services (RESAS) Division. RESAS had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Kantar Worldpanel had no role in study design or data analysis. Authorship: All authors contributed to the coding of the database. B.d.R., F.B. and S.W. contributed to the analyses in SPSS and Excel. All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript. Ethics of human subject participation: Not applicable.Peer reviewedPostprin

Measuring the difference between actual and reported food intakes in the context of energy balance under laboratory conditions

Acknowledgements The present study was funded by the Food Standards Agency, UK. The Food Standards Agency had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. The authors’ responsibilities were as follows: R. J. S., L. M. O’R. and G. W. H. designed the research; L. M. O’R. and Z. F. conducted the research and analysed the data; G. W. H. performed the statistical analyses; P. R. carried out the DLW analysis; R. J. S. had primary responsibility for the final content; R. J. S., L. M. O’R., Z. F., S. W. and M. B. E. L. wrote the paper.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Healthy and sustainable diets that meet greenhouse gas emission reduction targets and are affordable for different income groups in the UK

We thank Amandine Perrin and Hubert Ehlert for their help writing some of the early linear programming code. Financial Support: This study was funded by the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS)Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Social, temporal and situational influences on meat consumption in the UK population

This work was supported by The Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS).Peer reviewedPostprin

An Agent-Based Model to Simulate Meat Consumption Behaviour of Consumers in Britain

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

What can secondary data tell us about household food insecurity in a high-income country context?

In the absence of routinely collected household food insecurity data, this study investigated what could be determined about the nature and prevalence of household food insecurity in Scotland from secondary data. Secondary analysis of the Living Costs and Food Survey (2007–2012) was conducted to calculate weekly food expenditure and its ratio to equivalised income for households below average income (HBAI) and above average income (non-HBAI). Diet Quality Index (DQI) scores were calculated for this survey and the Scottish Health Survey (SHeS, 2008 and 2012). Secondary data provided a partial picture of food insecurity prevalence in Scotland, and a limited picture of differences in diet quality. In 2012, HBAI spent significantly less in absolute terms per week on food and non-alcoholic drinks (£53.85) compared to non-HBAI (£86.73), but proportionately more of their income (29% and 15% respectively). Poorer households were less likely to achieve recommended fruit and vegetable intakes than were more affluent households. The mean DQI score (SHeS data) of HBAI fell between 2008 and 2012, and was significantly lower than the mean score for non-HBAI in 2012. Secondary data are insufficient to generate the robust and comprehensive picture needed to monitor the incidence and prevalence of food insecurity in Scotland.</p