4 research outputs found
Postexposure Prophylaxis with Single-Dose Doxycycline is Effective for Prevention of Lyme Disease in both the United States and Europe and is also Effective for Prevention of Syphilis and Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever
Aggregation of Data from 4 Clinical Studies Demonstrating Efficacy of Single-Dose Doxycycline Postexposure for Prevention of the Spirochetal Infections: Lyme Disease, Syphilis, and Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever
Single-dose doxycycline, given within 72 hours of exposure, has been evaluated in 4 clinical studies for postexposure prophylaxis of 3 spirochetal infections: Lyme disease, syphilis, and tick-borne relapsing fever. In this study, data from the 4 studies were aggregated using a meta-analytic random-effects approach, with the DerSimonian-Laird method for variance estimation, analyzing a total of 2468 subjects. The findings of this analysis demonstrated an overall efficacy rate for prevention of the 3 spirochetal infections of 78% (95% confidence interval: 50%-91%)
Change in Traffic Fatality Rates in the First 4 States to Legalize Recreational Marijuana.
This cross-sectional study examines the association of commercial sales and legalization of recreational marijuana with traffic fatalities
Efficacy of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors for Prevention of Stroke
OBJECTIVE: To determine if 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) are effective in preventing fatal and nonfatal strokes in patients at increased risk of coronary artery disease. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical trials were identified by a computerized search of medline(1983 to June 1996), by an assessment of the bibliographies of published studies, meta-analyses and reviews, and by contacting pharmaceutical companies that manufacture statins. Trials were included in the analysis if their patients were randomly allocated to a statin or placebo group, and reported data on stroke events. Thirteen of 28 clinical trials were selected for review. Data were extracted for details of study design, patient characteristics, interventions, duration of therapy, cholesterol measurements, and the number of fatal and nonfatal stroke events in each arm of therapy. Missing data on stroke events were obtained by contacting the investigators of the clinical trials. MAIN RESULTS: Among 19,921 randomized patients, the rate of total stroke in the placebo group was 2.38% (90% nonfatal and 10% fatal). In contrast, patients who received statins had a 1.67% stroke rate. Using an exact stratified analysis, the pooled odds ratio (OR) for total stroke was 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57, 0.86; p=.0005). The pooled OR for nonfatal stroke was 0.64 (95% CI 0.51, 0.79; p=.00001), and the pooled OR for fatal stroke was 1.25 (95% CI 0.71, 2.24; p=.4973). In separate analyses, reductions in total and nonfatal stroke risk were found to be significant only for trials of secondary coronary disease prevention. Regression analysis showed no statistical association between the magnitude of cholesterol reduction and the relative risk for any stroke outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence clearly shows that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors reduce the morbidity associated with strokes in patients at increased risk of cardiac events. Data from 13 placebo-controlled trials suggest that on average one stroke is prevented for every 143 patients treated with statins over a 4-year period