Mean standardised maternal protectiveness scores at Wave 2 (6–7 years) and Wave 3 (8–9 years) by demographic characteristics, and adjusted multivariate regression coefficients.

<p>Included in initial models but removed due to non-significance: Maternal BMI, family structure, position of child amongst siblings and child gender.</p

Sensitivity-Specificity Curve, Multivariate Logistic Model.

<p>Sensitivity-Specificity Curve, Multivariate Logistic Model.</p

Estimated change in the odds of children being overweight or obese at Wave 2 (6–7 years), Wave 3 (8–9 years) and Wave 4 (10–11 years) according to maternal protectiveness and other family characteristics, relative to Wave 1 (age 4–5 years).

<p>OR  =  Odds ratio; CI  =  Confidence Interval. Included in initial models but removed due to non-significance: Family structure, maternal employment pattern, maternal age at birth of first child and neighbourhood disadvantage. Maternal protectiveness at Wave 2 (6–7 years) removed due to collinearity.</p

Language performance within the 4-year, 6-year 8-year, and 10-year age-groups.

<p>Language performance within the 4-year, 6-year 8-year, and 10-year age-groups.</p

Estimated odds of children being overweight or obese at each wave, according to maternal protectiveness and other family characteristics.

<p>OR  =  Odds ratio; CI  =  Confidence Interval. Included in initial models but removed due to non-significance: Family structure, maternal employment pattern, maternal age at birth of first child and neighbourhood disadvantage. Maternal protectiveness at Wave 2 (6–7 years) removed due to collinearity.</p

Conditional probabilities and distributions of risks, 6-class latent class analysis.

<p>Conditional probabilities and distributions of risks, 6-class latent class analysis.</p

Sample size at each wave, children’s ages, and PPVT and ARS scores with available sample.

<p>¹Available sample size.</p><p>Sample size at each wave, children’s ages, and PPVT and ARS scores with available sample.</p

Positional movement in language and literacy at ages 4, 6, 8 and 10.

<p>Positional movement in language and literacy at ages 4, 6, 8 and 10.</p

Descriptive statistics for risk factors.

<p>Descriptive statistics for risk factors.</p

Correlation matrix of scale items and total scores on the protective parenting scale at Wave 2 (6–7 years) and Wave 3 (8–9 years).

<p>Protect  =  How often do you try to protect this child from life's difficulties?</p><p>Wants and needs  =  How often do you put this child's wants and needs before your own?</p><p>Leaving child  =  How often does leaving this child with other people upset you no matter how well you know them?</p><p>All correlation values are significant at p < .05.</p