Inferring context-sensitive probablistic boolean networks from gene expression data under multi-biological conditions

In recent years biological microarrays have emerged as a high-throughput data acquisition technology in bioinformatics. In conjunction with this, there is an increasing need to develop frameworks for the formal analysis of biological pathways. A modeling approach defined as Probabilistic Boolean Networks (PBNs) was proposed for inferring genetic regulatory networks [1]. This technology, an extension of Boolean Networks [2], is able to capture the time-varying dependencies with deterministic probabilities for a series of sets of predictor functions

THE DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF FEDERAL AND STATE MINIMUM WAGES ON TEENAGE EMPLOYMENT

The "new economics of the minimum wage" is based on the findings from case studies that minimum wages had no effect on employment and may even have increased it. This conclusion is at odds with the findings of earlier studies and those of a number of more recent studies which find a statistically significant negative effect on teenage employment. These conflicting results constitute a puzzle. We find that this is due to minimum wage hikes implemented at the state-level having no negative effects on teenage employment during the 1980s and 1990s, while the federal hikes of the 1990s did. In states without their own minimum wages, the decline in the relative value of the federal minimum wage during the 1980s gave rise to an increase in low-wage employment that was subsequently checked and reversed by the federal hikes in the early 1990s.Federal Minimum Wages; State Minimum Wages; Teenage Employment

THE DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF FEDERAL AND STATE MINIMUM WAGES ON TEENAGE EMPLOYMENT

The "new economics of the minimum wage" is based on the findings from case studies that minimum wages had no effect on employment and may even have increased it. This conclusion is at odds with the findings of earlier studies and those of a number of more recent studies which find a statistically significant negative effect on teenage employment. These conflicting results constitute a puzzle. We find that this is due to minimum wage hikes implemented at the state-level having no negative effects on teenage employment during the 1980s and 1990s, while the federal hikes of the 1990s did. In states without their own minimum wages, the decline in the relative value of the federal minimum wage during the 1980s gave rise to an increase in low-wage employment that was subsequently checked and reversed by the federal hikes in the early 1990s.Federal Minimum Wages; State Minimum Wages; Teenage Employment

Fast complexified quaternion Fourier transform

A discrete complexified quaternion Fourier transform is introduced. This is a generalization of the discrete quaternion Fourier transform to the case where either or both of the signal/image and the transform kernel are complex quaternion-valued. It is shown how to compute the transform using four standard complex Fourier transforms and the properties of the transform are briefly discussed

Beta cloth durability assessment for Space Station Freedom (SSF) Multi-Layer Insulation (MLI) blanket covers

MLI blankets for the Space Station Freedom (SSF) must comply with general program requirements and recommendations for long life and durability in the low-Earth orbit (LEO) environment. Atomic oxygen and solar ultraviolet/vacuum ultraviolet are the most important factors in the SSF natural environment which affect materials life. Two types of Beta cloth (Teflon coated woven glass fabric), which had been proposed as MLI blanket covers, were tested for long-term durability in the LEO environment. General resistance to atomic oxygen attack and permeation were evaluated in the high velocity atomic oxygen beam system at Los Alamos National Laboratories. Long-term exposure to the LEO environment was simulated in the laboratory using a radio frequency oxygen plasma asher. The plasma asher treated Beta cloth specimens were tested for thermo-optical properties and mechanical durability. Space exposure data from the Long Duration Exposure Facility and the Intelsat Solar Array Coupon were also used in the durability assessment. Beta cloth fabricated to Rockwell specification MBO 135-027 (Chemglas 250) was shown to have acceptable durability for general use as an MLI blanket cover material in the LEO environment while Sheldahl G414500 should be used only in locations which are protected from direct Ram atomic oxygen

MAP7 regulates axon morphogenesis by recruiting kinesin-1 to microtubules and modulating organelle transport.

Neuronal cell morphogenesis depends on proper regulation of microtubule-based transport, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report our study of MAP7, a unique microtubule-associated protein that interacts with both microtubules and the motor protein kinesin-1. Structure-function analysis in rat embryonic sensory neurons shows that the kinesin-1 interacting domain in MAP7 is required for axon and branch growth but not for branch formation. Also, two unique microtubule binding sites are found in MAP7 that have distinct dissociation kinetics and are both required for branch formation. Furthermore, MAP7 recruits kinesin-1 dynamically to microtubules, leading to alterations in organelle transport behaviors, particularly pause/speed switching. As MAP7 is localized to branch sites, our results suggest a novel mechanism mediated by the dual interactions of MAP7 with microtubules and kinesin-1 in the precise control of microtubule-based transport during axon morphogenesis

Inferring Concept Hierarchies from Text Corpora via Hyperbolic Embeddings

We consider the task of inferring is-a relationships from large text corpora. For this purpose, we propose a new method combining hyperbolic embeddings and Hearst patterns. This approach allows us to set appropriate constraints for inferring concept hierarchies from distributional contexts while also being able to predict missing is-a relationships and to correct wrong extractions. Moreover -- and in contrast with other methods -- the hierarchical nature of hyperbolic space allows us to learn highly efficient representations and to improve the taxonomic consistency of the inferred hierarchies. Experimentally, we show that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on several commonly-used benchmarks