Histological Images of the Tibia and µCT Analyses of Trabecular Bone Volume in the Vertebra and Tibia.

<p>Representative images of the proximal tibia are shown with H&E stain following the 8 week treatment period (A). Comparisons of trabecular bone morphometric parameters in sham-operated (Sham) and osteopenic ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed control diet, or control diet supplemented with either 25% (w/w) dried plum, apple, apricot, grape, or mango. Trabecular bone microarchitectural of (B) bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) in the vertebral body (□) and proximal tibia (▪). Bars represent the mean ± SE, <i>n</i>  =  6 mice in each group. Bars that share the same superscript letter are not significantly different from each other (<i>p<</i>0.05).</p

qRT-PCR Analyses of Genes Involved in Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoblast Activity.

<p>Bone marrow (A) was analyzed for relative mRNA abundance of the osteoclastgensis gene nuclear factor of activated T-cells (<i>Nfatc1</i>), while the flushed femur (B-D) was used to assess genes involved in osteoblast activity and function: alkaline phosphatase (<i>Alp</i>), type 1 collagen (<i>Col1a1</i>), and osteocalcin (<i>Ocn</i>) in sham-operated (Sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed control diet, or control diet supplemented with either 25% (w/w) dried plum, apple, apricot, grape, or mango. Bars represent the mean ± SE, <i>n</i>  =  6 mice in each group. Bars that share the same superscript letter are not significantly different from each other (<i>p<</i>0.05).</p

Percent Change in Vertebral Trabecular Bone Normalized to OVX-Control at Baseline.

<p>Percent change in vertebral BV/TV in ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed control diet, or control diet supplemented with either 25% (w/w) dried plum, apple, apricot, grape, or mango relative to baseline OVX controls. The percent change was calculated by determining the difference between the OVX group mean BV/TV at baseline and BV/TV of individual animals at the final time point, and then expressing that value relative to baseline. Bars represent the mean ± SE, <i>n</i>  =  6 mice in each group. Bars that share the same superscript letter are not significantly different from each other (<i>p<</i>0.05).</p

List of Validated Primer Sequences used for qRT-PCR.

<p>List of Validated Primer Sequences used for qRT-PCR.</p

Biomechanical Properties of Trabecular Bone in the Lumbar Vertebra and Proximal Tibia.

<p>Finite element (FE) analysis of trabecular bone in the lumbar vertebra and proximal tibial metaphysis of sham-operated (Sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed control diet or OVX receiving control diet supplemented with either 25% (w/w) dried plum, apple, apricot, grape, or mango for 8 weeks. Values are means ± SE, <i>n</i>  =  6 mice in each group. Within a given row, groups that share the same superscript letter are not significantly different (<i>p</i><0.05) from each other.</p

Body Weight and Composition, and Bone Densitometry of the Whole Body and Spine after 8 Weeks on Dietary Treatments.

<p>Final body weight, body composition, and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the whole body and spine after 8 weeks of sham-operated (Sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed control diet or OVX receiving control diet supplemented with either 25% (w/w) dried plum, apple, apricot, grape, or mango. Values are means ± SE, <i>n</i>  =  8 mice in each group. Within a given row, groups that share the same superscript letter are not significantly different (<i>p</i><0.05) from each other.</p