Mortality at six months after cardiac surgery in CHD patients.

<p>Mortality risk at 6 months after elective and non-elective cardiac surgery in CHD patients. There is a non-linear relation between age at operation and mortality, with a relatively sharp decline from birth to teenage years, with nadir at 15–18 years, slow increase in mortality until the age of 55–65 years, when mortality starts to rise sharply.</p

Effect of normoxia versus hypoxia and treatment with GW0742 (30 mg/kg) versus vehicle control on lung morphology and arteriole mascularisation in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

<p>Sections were stained with Van Giessen stain and pictures shown are representative samples. Histological features of remodelling secondary to hypoxia are the presence of a clear double elastic lamina and increased smooth muscle staining (indicated by arrows). Lungs were from animals in (A) normoxic, (B) normoxic treated with GW0742, (C) hypoxic or (D) hypoxic treated with GW0742 conditions. (E) Total number of fully muscularised compared with partially muscularised pulmonary arterioles in a single lung slice, mean ± standard error of the mean for n = 4−6 for normoxic animals and 12–17 for hypoxic animals.</p

Biometric data.

<p>Biometric data.</p

Surgery classified by main procedure performed.

<p>Surgery classified by main procedure performed.</p

Results of univariable logistic regression analysis for mortality at 6 months from surgery.

<p>Results of univariable logistic regression analysis for mortality at 6 months from surgery.</p

Effects of GW0742 on membrane potential in mesenteric arteries.

<p>Membrane potential in mesenteric arteries was measured under control conditions (resting membrane potential; r.m.p.) before GW0742 was added in a cumulative manner. Data is the mean ± standard error of the mean for n = 4. Data was analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's Multiple Comparison Test. Significance was assumed and defined by *p<0.05 and ***p<0.001 respectively.</p

Leading cause of death in patients dying within 30 days from surgery or within the same hospital stay.

<p>Causes of death for patients who died within 30-days from surgery or within the same hospital stay. CHD, congenital heart disease; Congenital other, non-cardiac congenital malformation; IHD, ischemic heart disease; Aortic event, aortic aneurysm or dissection; PHT, pulmonary hypertension; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; HTN, systemic hypertension. Infection, not including endocarditis. The most common 10 causes of death are colour coded.</p

Effects of GW0742 on activation of Rho A in aortic rings.

<p>Mouse aortic rings were treated with or without U46619 (10 nM) before the additions of GW0742 and Y27632 (10 µM) or vehicle control (DMSO; 0.03%) and the content of GTP bound RhoA was measured in tissue extracts by ELISA. Data is the mean ± standard error of the mean for n = 4 experiments. Data was analysed using one sample T-test for normalized data or by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's Multiple Comparison Test. Significance was defined by **p<0.01 versus control and ##, ### p<0.01 and p<0.001 treatments with U46610 compared to respective control.</p

Effect of GW0742 on cGMP and cAMP levels in aortic rings.

<p>Effects of 30 µM GW0742 (GW), 10 µM sodium nitroprusside (SNP; an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase) and 10 µM forskolin (FORSKO; an activator of adenylate cyclase) on (A) cGMP and (B) cAMP levels in mouse aortic rings. The data is the mean ± standard error of the mean for n experiments. cGMP: vehicle control (DMSO; 0.03%) and GW0742, n = 14; SNP, n = 9; forskolin, n = 4. cAMP: DMSO and GW0742, n = 11; SNP, n = 6; forskolin, n = 7. Drug induced responses were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's Multiple Comparison Test. Statistical significance was assumed where p<0.05 and is denoted by *.</p

Survival after cardiac surgery in CHD patients.

<p>This panel presents figures for all surgical procedures (A, B, C) and elective procedures only (D, E, F). These include Kaplan-Meier survival curves after cardiac surgery (A, D), mortality calculated for each month following surgery (B, E) and mortality six months after surgery (C, F). Expected mortality was calculated for age and gender-matched UK population. Mortality within the first six months after surgery is 33–42% higher than the mortality at 30 days from surgery or within the same hospital stay (i.e. the follow-up period that STS or EuroScore account for). The absolute excess mortality, above the one predicted by scores, is highest in patients in whom the risk predicted by mortality scores is high.</p