A meta-analysis on the prevalence of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to different antibiotics in Nigeria

Abstract Background Rapid emergence of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus has resulted to difficulty in treatment of infections caused by such strains. The aim of this meta-analysis study was to determine the pooled prevalence of resistance of S. aureus to different antibiotics in Nigeria. Methods Literature search for studies was done using Google scholar, PubMed, Science direct, and African Journal Online. The prevalence of S. aureus resistance to different antibiotics was evaluated using the meta-analysis proportion command in MedCalc software version 20.0 adopting a rand effect model. I2 statistic and Egger test in MedCalc was used to evaluate the heterogeneity and the presence of publication bias among studies respectively. Results A total of 40, 682 studies were retrieved through the database search of which 98 studies met the study inclusion criteria. Prevalence of resistance of S. aureus to different antibiotics ranges from 13 to 82%. Results showed a very high degree of resistance to penicillin G (82% [95% confidence interval (CI) 61%, 0.96%]), cloxacillin (77% [95% CI 64%, 88%]), amoxacillin (74% [95% CI 66%, 81%]), cefuroxime (69% [95% CI 51%, 85%]), ampicillin (68% [95% CI 53%, 81%]). Moderately resistance to erythromycin (47% [95% CI 40%, 53%]), chloramphenicol (47% [95% CI 37%, 56%]), methicillin (46% [95% CI 37%, 56%]), ofloxacin (24% [95% CI 18%, 31%]) and rifampicin 24% [95% CI 6%, 48%]). Low resistance was observed in vancomycin 13% (95% CI 7%, 21%). For each individual meta-analysis, high heterogeneity was observed with I2 range (79.36–98.60%) at p-values ≤ 0.01). Egger’s tests for regression intercept in funnel plots indicated no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion This meta-analysis study established that S. aureus in Nigeria has developed resistance to commonly used antibiotics such as the beta-lactam class antibiotics, sulphonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and vancomycin. Hence it is imperative to develop programs to promote rational use of antimicrobial agents, infection prevention and control to reduce the incidence of antimicrobial resistance

Serum selenium levels of pre-eclamptic and normal pregnant women in Nigeria: A comparative study.

IntroductionTrace element selenium, an antioxidant, and peroxynitrite scavenger when incorporated into selenoproteins and enzymes reduce oxidative stress which is implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. A paucity of information exists on the serum selenium levels among pre-eclamptic pregnant women in Nigeria, hence the need for this study.ObjectiveTo compare mean serum selenium levels and prevalence of selenium deficiency in preeclamptic pregnant women and their normotensive pregnant controls.Materials and methodsA comparative case-control study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo state. Fifty-eight preeclamptic and equal normotensive pregnant controls were matched for age groups, gestational age groups, parity groups, and socio-economic status had their serum samples analyzed for selenium level using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (ASS). Data analysis was done using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. P-value of ResultMean serum selenium levels of the preeclamptic women(0.67±0.27μmol/l) was significantly (pConclusionSerum selenium levels of pre-eclamptic women were significantly lower compared to that of normotensive pregnant controls and selenium deficiency occurred significantly more among the preeclamptic pregnant women compared to the normotensive controls. Selenium level dynamics in pregnancy possibly could play a role in the incidence of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women

Additional file 10 of A meta-analysis on the prevalence of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to different antibiotics in Nigeria

Additional file 10: S10. Forest plot of the prevalence of S. aureus resistance to norfloxaci

Additional file 7 of A meta-analysis on the prevalence of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to different antibiotics in Nigeria

Additional file 7: S7. Forest plot of the prevalence of S. aureus resistance to cefuroxim

Additional file 6 of A meta-analysis on the prevalence of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to different antibiotics in Nigeria

Additional file 6: S6. Forest plot of the prevalence of S. aureus resistance to cloxacilli

Additional file 12 of A meta-analysis on the prevalence of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to different antibiotics in Nigeria

Additional file 12: S12. Forest plot of the prevalence of S. aureus resistance to erythromyci

Additional file 5 of A meta-analysis on the prevalence of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to different antibiotics in Nigeria

Additional file 5: S5. Forest plot of the prevalence of S. aureus resistance to augmenti

Additional file 15 of A meta-analysis on the prevalence of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to different antibiotics in Nigeria

Additional file 15: S15. Forest plot of the prevalence of S. aureus resistance to clindamyci

Additional file 8 of A meta-analysis on the prevalence of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to different antibiotics in Nigeria

Additional file 8: S8. Forest plot of the prevalence of S. aureus resistance to cefoxitin

Additional file 16 of A meta-analysis on the prevalence of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to different antibiotics in Nigeria

Additional file 16: S16. Forest plot of the prevalence of S. aureus resistance to trimethopri