Sensitivity and specificity using different cutoffs for number of liquid/semi-liquid stools to define diarrhea.

<p>The sensitivity and specificity of caregiver diagnoses are shown for different cutoffs of reported frequency of liquid or semi-liquid stools. Caregiver diagnostic sensitivity increased from 0.55 using the cutoff of 3 stools per day to 0.78 when ≥6 stools were reported. Specificity was consistently >0.93.</p

Results of a multiple logistic regression analysis for factors predicting any treatment given to child for clinically defined childhood diarrhea (N = 1,067).

*<p>Each odds ratio is adjusted for each other characteristic included in the table. Independent variables included in the model were the presence of fever, vomiting, and decreased appetite.</p

Percent of child caregivers who reported using different forms of treatment for clinically defined childhood diarrhea by type of care provider consulted (N = 1,067).

*<p>Up to three responses accepted; numbers may not sum to 100% due to missing values.</p>**<p>Includes public health center or hospital, pharmacy, or private doctor.</p

Demographic and economic characteristics of the sample.

<p>Numbers may not sum due to missing values. Difference between indicated N and number of observations represents missing or unknown information.</p

Summary of sampling framework for the survey in rural southwestern Burkina Faso.

<p>The sampling framework for the participation of health centers, communities, concessions, households, and children in the survey. Health centers and communities were first selected based on their accessibility by vehicle. In each community, concessions and households were visited to identify children <27 months of age and to interview their primary caregivers.</p

Results of a multiple logistic regression analysis for factors predicting caregiver recognition of clinically defined diarrhea (N = 1,067).

*<p>Each odds ratio is adjusted for each other characteristic included in the table. Independent variables included in the model were the presence of fever, vomiting, and decreased appetite, mother's education, household ethnic group, household religion and child sex. Clinically defined diarrhea = ≥3 liquid or semi-liquid stools/d. Ref. = reference category for each independent variable.</p

Results of a multiple logistic regression analysis for factors predicting any care seeking outside the home for clinically defined childhood diarrhea (N = 1,067).

*<p>Each odds ratio is adjusted for each other characteristic included in the table. Independent variables included in the model were the presence of fever, vomiting, and decreased appetite, duration of diarrhea episode, mother's parity, distance from child's residence to public health center, and child sex.</p

Child and maternal baseline characteristics by group.

<p>HFIAS, Household food insecurity access scale; LAZ, length-for-age z-score; positive RDT, positive result of a HRP-II (histidine-rich protein II) rapid diagnostic test for malaria parasites; WAZ, weight-for-age z-score; WLZ, weight-for-length z-score; ZPP, zinc protoporphyrin</p><p>¹P-values are for Chi square tests from survey procedure for comparing proportions in more than 2 categorical variables across groups or logistic regression for categorical variables, and linear mixed model for continuous variables. All comparison were done adjusting for cluster randomization (village, concession);</p><p>²Mean ± SD, geometric mean (95% CI) and n (%), all such values.</p><p>³ZPP adjusted categorically for RDT result;</p><p>⁴Malaria is defined as a positive result of a HRP-II rapid diagnostic test for malaria parasites</p><p>⁵Household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) adjusted for season.</p><p>Child and maternal baseline characteristics by group.</p

Anthropometry at baseline and after 9 mo of intervention in young Burkinabe children.

<p>HC, head circumference; LAZ, length-for-age z-score; mo, months; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; WAZ, weight-for-age z-score; WLZ, weight-for-length z-score</p><p>¹ Adjusted mean ± SD and n (%), all such values. Values in the same row with different superscript letters are significantly different (P<0.05).</p><p>² Adjusting for cluster randomization (village, concession), baseline value, age and potential co-variates, when applicable.</p><p>Anthropometry at baseline and after 9 mo of intervention in young Burkinabe children.</p

Prevalence and incidence of diarrhea and malaria among young Burkinabe children receiving SQ-LNS and tablets from 9 to 18 months of age.

<p>¹Prevalence shown as mean percent (95% CI) and incidence as mean ± SD per 100 child-days. Means are weighted for number of days of observation for prevalence and number of days at risk for incidence.</p><p>²Diarrhea defined as ≥3 liquid or semi-liquid stools reported by caregiver</p><p>³Malaria was defined by a positive result of a HRP-II (histidine-rich protein II) rapid diagnostic test for malaria parasites</p><p>⁴Treatment of diarrhea included treatments provided by project field workers and health centers</p><p>⁵ Treatment of malaria was considered if provided by project field workers</p><p>⁶ P-values obtained from binominal regression models, which included a random effect of concession, baseline characteristics and potential covariates and accounted for overdispersion.</p><p>Prevalence and incidence of diarrhea and malaria among young Burkinabe children receiving SQ-LNS and tablets from 9 to 18 months of age.</p