Determination of the local evaporative resistances of two typical office clothing ensembles and the effect of air speed and body movement

Peer-reviewed extended abstract submitted to 12i3m, 29-30 September 2018, St. Gallen, Switzerlan

Next-generation energy performance certificates and deep energy renovation

An important instrument to enhance the market uptake of energy-efficient new buildings and the energy-efficient renovation of existing buildings in the European Union (EU) are the Energy Performance Certificates (EPC). However, their implementation and use has varied between EU Member States. The European Commission has therefore provided funding to a number of Horizon2020 projects to develop next-generation EPC schemes. One of these is the QualDeEPC project, aiming to both improve quality and cross-EU convergence of EPC schemes, and particularly the link between EPCs and deep renovation. The objective of the project is to improve the practical implementation of the assessment, issuance, design, and use of EPCs as well as their renovation recommendations, in the participating countries and beyond. This paper presents the policy proposals and concepts for tools that the QualDeEPC project has developed as priorities for enhanced EPC schemes: - Improving the recommendations for renovation, which are provided on the EPCs, towards deep energy renovation - An online tool for comparing EPC recommendations to deep energy renovation recommendations - Creating Deep Renovation Network Platforms (One-stop Shops plus networking and joint communication of supply-side actors) - Regular mandatory EPC assessor training (on assessment and renovation recommendations) required for certification/accreditation and registry - Achieving a high user-friendliness of the EPC - Voluntary/mandatory advertising guidelines for EPCs - Improving compliance with the mandatory use of EPCs in real estate advertisements The paper will focus on the aspects related to improving the impact of EPCs for stimulating deep renovation. It will also present lessons learnt from the discussion with stakeholders at national and European workshops and from the testing of the proposals and tools in around 100 buildings, as well as from the first steps of their country-specific adaptation

Local clothing thermal properties of typical office ensembles under realistic static and dynamic conditions

An accurate local thermal sensation model is indispensable for the effective development of personalized conditioning systems in office environments. The output of such a model relies on the accurate prediction of local skin temperatures, which in turn depend on reliable input data of the local clothing thermal resistance and clothing area factor. However, for typical office clothing ensembles, only few local datasets are available in the literature. In this study, the dry thermal resistance was measured for 23 typical office clothing ensembles according to EN-ISO 15831 on a sweating agile manikin. For 6 ensembles, the effects of different air speeds and body movement were also included. Local clothing area factors were estimated based on 3D scans. Local differences can be found between the measured local insulation values and local area factors of this study and the data of other studies. These differences are likely due to the garment fit on the manikin and reveal the necessity of reporting clothing fit parameters (e.g., ease allowance) in the publications. The increased air speed and added body movement mostly decreased the local clothing insulation. However, the reduction is different for all body parts, and therefore cannot be generalized. This study also provides a correlation between the local clothing insulation and the ease allowance for body parts covered with a single layer of clothing. In conclusion, the need for well-documented measurements is emphasized to get reproducible results and to choose accurate clothing parameters for thermo-physiological and thermal sensation modeling

Measurements of local clothing resistances and local area factors under various conditions

The local dry thermal resistances of typical office ensembles was measured according to EN- ISO 15831 on a sweating agile manikin for different air speeds and body movement. Also, the local clothing area factors were estimated based on 3D scans. The results of five representative office outfits are discussed in this paper. Measured local insulation values and estimated local area factors differ from data in other studies. Since literature data are mostly between values obtained for regular and loose fit in this study, this difference is likely due to the garment fit on the manikin and reveals the necessity of reporting clothing fit parameters (e.g. ease allowance) in the publications. The increased air speed and body movement mostly decrease the local dry thermal insulation. We emphasize the need for well documented garment parameters and measurements to get reproducible results and to choose accurate clothing parameters for thermo-physiological and thermal sensation modelling