THE POSSIBLE TECHNOLOGICAL VARIANTS OF MELTING OF ZINC ALLOYS OUT OF SECONDARY RAW MATERIALS

The technology of metallurgical recycling of zinc scrap for bar alloys including high-strength ones with increased contents of aluminum and copper is offered

Моделювання хронічного запалення яєчників

In our country preservation of the population reproductive health is a high-priority direction of modern medicine. In many cases, the cause of reproductive disorders in women is a chronic infectious inflammation of the small pelvis, the frequency of which in recent years had no tendency to decrease. The choice of inactivated vaccine of Staphylococcus aureus as a phlogogen was due to the fact that the etiological role of the aerobic infection remains the leading one in gynecological pathology.The aim of research was studying of the ability to use the inactivated vaccine of Staphylococcus aureus strain 209 for modeling of chronic inflammation of the ovaries in laboratory mice.Materials and methods. 25 mature outbred white female mice weighing 18-20 g were used as experimental animals, which formed next groups: 1) control (n=5) – animals without any interventions and 2) experimental (n=20) – animals with one-fold intraperitoneal injection of inactivated Staphylococcus aureus strain 209 vaccine in the dose of 50х106 microbial bodies in 0,3 ml of physiological solution. Efficiency of the modeling pathology was performed by histomorphometric and hematological methods on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 31st days. All the manipulations with animals were carried out in accordance to the requirements of bioethics and the international principles of the European Convention for the protection of vertebrate animals. For statistical study ANOVA and t-Student tests were used with application of Microsoft Excel Program.Results. In the group of control animals the form and histological structure of ovaries were regular for mature mice without signs of inflammatory changes. The leukocyte infiltration, hemodynamic disorders and minor dystrophic changes of granulosa cells were determined on the 7th day in the ovaries of experimental animals. The increasing of observation period up to 14 days on the background of hemodynamic disorders resulted in the appearance of degenerative follicles, atresia of which proceeded by the type of the productive process with the formation of multilayer granulose tunica. The increase in the atretic follicles number, the migration of macrophages in their cavity and disorganization of follicular epithelium cells were determined on the 21st day after the vaccine injection. The proliferation of connective tissue was noted under the basement membrane of the follicles, between generative elements and ovarian medulla. To the 31st day of modeling granulosa cell layers lost ordered structure, reflected in the increasing of intercellular space and accumulation of fluid between the cells.During the first 14 days after the vaccine the leukocyte number in peripheral blood increased by 3,2 times. However, on the 21st day investigated index was 1,75 times lower in comparison with the previous period (P<0,05). Further, the leukocyte level was not statistically changed (P<0,05), but did not reach values of intact animals (P<0,05), indicating the reduction of the inflammatory process severity.At the same time there was a statistically significant (P<0,05) reduction in the number of follicles that was probably due to the intensification of processes of atresia. Due to their progression on the 31st day after vaccine injection, the number of follicles in the studied preparations decreased by 1,7 times (10,55±2,48) relatively to the index of control animals (18,25±4,52).The conclusions. Intraperitoneal injection of inactivated Staphylococcus aureus strain 209 vaccine to the 21st day leads to the formation of chronic inflammation of the ovaries in laboratory mice, which was characterized by the prevalence of atresia processes over follicle growth with the development of sclerotic changes and decreasing of their total number. At the initial time leukocytosis was observed in the blood of experimental animals, and starting from the 21st day inflammation acquired signs of chronic process, which manifested in reducing of number of cells without the normalization of this index until the end of the experiment.Сохранение репродуктивного здоровья населения – высокоприоритетное направление современной медицины. Во многих случаях причиной нарушения репродуктивной функции у женщин являются хронические воспаления органов малого таза. С целью исследования возможности использования инактивированной вакцины Staphylococcus aureus штамм 209 для моделирования хронического воспаления яичников использовали 25 беспородных половозрелых белых мышей-самок. У выведенных из опыта животных в контрольные сроки эксперимента (7, 14, 21 и 31 сутки) визуально оценивали состояние органов брюшной полости и забирали придатки матки с прилежащими прядями сальника. Для определения морфологических изменений в яичниках изготавливали гистологические препараты, которые окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином. Показано, что внутрибрюшинное введение инактивированной вакцины Staphylococcus aureus штамм 209 на 21 сутки приводило к формированию хронического продуктивного воспаления в яичниках мышей. Это свидетельствует о перспективности этой модели хронического воспаления яичников для исследования эффективности разных методов лечения этой патологии, в том числе клеточной терапии.Збереження репродуктивного здоров’я населення – високопріоритетний напрям сучасної медицини. У багатьох випадках причиною порушення репродуктивної функції у жінок є хронічні запалення органів малого тазу. Для дослідження можливості застосування інактивованої вакцини Staphylococcus aureus штам 209 для моделювання хронічного запалення яєчників використали 25 непородистих статевозрілих білих мишей-самок. У виведених із досліду тварин у контрольні строки експерименту (7, 14, 21 та 31 доба) візуально оцінювали стан органів черевної порожнини та забирали придатки матки із прилеглими пасмами сальника. Для визначення морфологічних змін в яєчниках виготовляли гістологічні препарати, котрі забарвлювали гематоксиліном та еозином. Показано, що внутрішньочеревинне введення інактивованої вакцини Staphylococcus aureus штам 209 на 21 добу призводило до формування хронічного продуктивного запалення в яєчниках мишей. Це свідчить про перспективність цієї моделі хронічного запалення яєчників для дослідження ефективності різних методів лікування цієї патології, у тому числі  клітинної терапії

Modeling of chronic ovary inflammation

In our country preservation of the population reproductive health is a high-priority direction of modern medicine. In many cases, the cause of reproductive disorders in women is a chronic infectious inflammation of the small pelvis, the frequency of which in recent years had no tendency to decrease. The choice of inactivated vaccine of Staphylococcus aureus as a phlogogen was due to the fact that the etiological role of the aerobic infection remains the leading one in gynecological pathology. The aim of research was studying of the ability to use the inactivated vaccine of Staphylococcus aureus strain 209 for modeling of chronic inflammation of the ovaries in laboratory mice. Materials and methods. 25 mature outbred white female mice weighing 18-20 g were used as experimental animals, which formed next groups: 1) control (n=5) – animals without any interventions and 2) experimental (n=20) – animals with one-fold intraperitoneal injection of inactivated Staphylococcus aureus strain 209 vaccine in the dose of 50х106 microbial bodies in 0,3 ml of physiological solution. Efficiency of the modeling pathology was performed by histomorphometric and hematological methods on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 31st days. All the manipulations with animals were carried out in accordance to the requirements of bioethics and the international principles of the European Convention for the protection of vertebrate animals. For statistical study ANOVA and t-Student tests were used with application of Microsoft Excel Program. Results. In the group of control animals the form and histological structure of ovaries were regular for mature mice without signs of inflammatory changes. The leukocyte infiltration, hemodynamic disorders and minor dystrophic changes of granulosa cells were determined on the 7th day in the ovaries of experimental animals. The increasing of observation period up to 14 days on the background of hemodynamic disorders resulted in the appearance of degenerative follicles, atresia of which proceeded by the type of the productive process with the formation of multilayer granulose tunica. The increase in the atretic follicles number, the migration of macrophages in their cavity and disorganization of follicular epithelium cells were determined on the 21st day after the vaccine injection. The proliferation of connective tissue was noted under the basement membrane of the follicles, between generative elements and ovarian medulla. To the 31st day of modeling granulosa cell layers lost ordered structure, reflected in the increasing of intercellular space and accumulation of fluid between the cells. During the first 14 days after the vaccine the leukocyte number in peripheral blood increased by 3,2 times. However, on the 21st day investigated index was 1,75 times lower in comparison with the previous period (P<0,05). Further, the leukocyte level was not statistically changed (P<0,05), but did not reach values of intact animals (P<0,05), indicating the reduction of the inflammatory process severity. At the same time there was a statistically significant (P<0,05) reduction in the number of follicles that was probably due to the intensification of processes of atresia. Due to their progression on the 31st day after vaccine injection, the number of follicles in the studied preparations decreased by 1,7 times (10,55±2,48) relatively to the index of control animals (18,25±4,52). The conclusions. Intraperitoneal injection of inactivated Staphylococcus aureus strain 209 vaccine to the 21st day leads to the formation of chronic inflammation of the ovaries in laboratory mice, which was characterized by the prevalence of atresia processes over follicle growth with the development of sclerotic changes and decreasing of their total number. At the initial time leukocytosis was observed in the blood of experimental animals, and starting from the 21st day inflammation acquired signs of chronic process, which manifested in reducing of number of cells without the normalization of this index until the end of the experiment

Divergent post-breeding spatial habitat use of Laysan and black-footed albatross

Understanding the at-sea movements of wide-ranging seabird species throughout their annual cycle is essential for their conservation and management. Habitat use and resource partitioning of Laysan (Phoebastria immutabilis) and black-footed (Phoebastria nigripes) albatross are well-described during the breeding period but are less understood during the post-breeding period, which represents ~40% of their annual cycle. Resource partitioning may be reduced during post-breeding, when birds are not constrained to return to the nest site regularly and can disperse to reduce competitive pressure. We assessed the degree of spatial segregation in the post-breeding distributions of Laysan (n = 82) and black-footed albatrosses (n = 61) using geolocator tags between 2008 and 2012 from two large breeding colonies in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Midway Atoll, and Tern Island. We characterized the species-and colony-specific foraging and focal distributions (represented by the 95 and 50th density contours, respectively) and quantified segregation in at-sea habitat use between species and colonies. Laysan and black-footed albatross showed consistent and significant at-sea segregation in focal areas across colonies, indicating that resource partitioning persists during post-breeding. Within breeding colonies, segregation of foraging areas between the two species was more evident for birds breeding at Tern Island. Spatial segregation decreased as the post-breeding season progressed, when spatial distributions of both species became more dispersed. In contrast to studies conducted on breeding Laysan and black-footed albatross, we found that sea surface temperature distinguished post-breeding habitats of black-footed albatrosses between colonies, with black-footed albatrosses from Midway Atoll occurring in cooler waters (3.6°C cooler on average). Our results reveal marked at-sea segregation between Laysan and black-footed albatross breeding at two colonies during a critical but understudied phase in their annual cycle. The observed variation in species-environment relationships underscores the importance of sampling multiple colonies and temporal periods to more thoroughly understand the spatial distributions of pelagic seabirds