Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of water reservoirs (middle Volga region, Russia)

Bottom sediments from the Kuibyshev and Cheboksary reservoirs were sampled and the content of anthracene, acetonaphthylene, acenaphthene, benz (a) pyrene, benz (b) fluoranthene, benzo (k) fluoranthene, benz (g, h, i) perylene, dibenz (a, h) anthracene, pyrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, chrysene was analyzed. The level of the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) content in the bottom sediments of the Cheboksary and Kuibyshev reservoirs was lower in comparison with the standards adopted in foreign countries. A tendency of increasing the PAHs content from the upper to the lower parts of the reservoirs, in the area of the Kama river mouth and the upper reach of the Samara hydroelectric power plant, was noted. PAHs with three benzene rings prevailed in the bottom sediments of the Cheboksary reservoir, and two and five benzene rings - in the Kuibyshev reservoir

Гнойно-некротический парапроктит у ребенка 5 лет: клиническое наблюдение

Authors present a rare clinical case of successful treatment of a 5-year-old child with purulent-necrotic paraproctitis, which developed against the background of a primary immune deficiency state. Clinical case. A 5-year-old boy became acutely ill, against the background of diarrhea with hyperthermia. An area of hyperemia, edema, and tissue infiltration appeared in the perianal region. In anamnesis, with frequent respiratory infections and dysfunction of the intestinal tract in the form of diarrhea. He was admitted to the Regional Childrens Hospital on the 10th day of illness from the regional hospital, where antibiotic treatment was started. Upon admission, the condition was serious in the perianal region with an extensive wound necrotic tissues and a plaque of fibrin. To create favorable conditions for wound healing, a preventive sigmostomy operation was performed. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in the wound culture. Thus, courses of antibiotics treatment, infusion therapy, and surgical debridement of the perianal wound and its local treatment were performed. Upon immunological status examination, a primary immunodeficiency was revealed, for which drugs with immunoglobulin G were administered. As a result of the treatment, the wound healed by secondary intention, thus, an operation was performed to close the sigmostoma. The child was discharged in satisfactory condition under the supervision of an immunologist and a surgeon. Discussion. In this case, preventive sigmostomy is justified; however, authors limit themselves to surgical intervention on the perineum in other cases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows its pathogenicity in patients with impaired immunity. Therefore, courses of antibiotics, infusion therapy, and immunomodulatory therapy along with surgical treatment, favorable result were achieved. Conclusion. Children with purulent-necrotic paraproctitis, which developed against the background of a primary immune deficiency should be hospitalized as early as possible in a specialized hospital.Представлено редкое клиническое наблюдение успешного лечения ребенка 5 лет с гнойно-некротическим парапроктитом, развившимся на фоне первичного иммунодефицитного состояния. Описание наблюдения. Мальчик, 5 лет, заболел остро, когда на фоне диареи с гипертермией в перианальной области появился участок гиперемии, отека и инфильтрации тканей. В анамнезе: частые респираторные инфекции и дисфункция кишечного тракта в виде диареи. Госпитализирован в Областную детскую больницу на 10-е сутки заболевания из районной больницы, где было начато лечение антибиотиками. При поступлении состояние тяжелое, в перианальной области обширная рана с некротическими тканями и налетом фибрина. Для создания благоприятных условий для заживления раны была проведена операция превентивной сигмостомии. В посеве из раны обнаружена полирезистентная Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Проводилось лечение курсами антибиотиков, инфузионная терапия, выполнена хирургическая обработка раны перианальной области и местное лечение. При обследовании иммунологического статуса выявлено первичное иммунодефицитное состояние, по поводу которого вводились препараты с иммуноглобулином G. В результате проведенного лечения рана зажила вторичным натяжением, проведена операция закрытия сигмостомы. Ребенок выписан в удовлетворительном состоянии под наблюдение иммунолога и хирурга. Обсуждение. В данном случае оправдано превентивное выполнение сигмостомии, хотя в других наблюдениях авторы ограничивались хирургическим вмешательством на промежности. Pseudomonas aeruginosa проявляет свою патогенность у пациентов с нарушениями иммунитета. Поэтому, наряду с хирургическим лечением, курсами антибиотиков, инфузионной терапией, только при назначении иммуномодулирующей терапии был достигнут благоприятный результат. Заключение. Детей с гнойно-некротическим парапроктитом, развившимся на фоне первичного иммунодефицитного состояния необходимо как можно раньше госпитализировать в специализированный стационар

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bottom sediments of an inner-city lake in the zone of discharge of surface runoff

© 2020 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The study determined the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the bottom sediments of an inner-city Sredny Kaban Lake (Kazan, Russia) in the places of the organized release of untreated surface stormwater runoff within the catchment of the city. The content of 15 PAHs included in the priority list of PAHs for environmental research in the Russian Federation and in other countries was experimentally studied. The average content of the total PAHs studied (333.4 μg/kg) in the bottom sediments of the lake indicates a low degree of pollution. The analysis of the ratio of the content of individual PAHs reveals the main sources of their entry: Fuel combustion (vehicles) and oil pollution of the surface water. Benzo(g,h,i)perylene and Benz(a)pyrene represent the largest contribution to the hazard coefficient of all studied PAHs for bottom sediments of the studied water body. Bottom sediments are composed mainly of particles with a size of 1-100 μm; the contribution of particles with a size of 0.1-1 μm was estimated to be up to 1%

New approach to assessing the state of fish stocks on the example of bream

© 2020 Publishing House "O- Kratkoe". All rights reserved. This paper substantiates a new approach to the protection of fish resources, based on the transition from the concept of a calculated forecast of catches and quotas to a multilevel system for assessing the status of fish populations under conditions of slow flow. The main levels of the fish population monitoring system are considered. A new approach based an analysis of monitoring results of the main structural and functional population characteristics of fish, on data on the dynamics of the population size and its generations, changes in the age structure, growth rate, abundance of individuals with morphological anomalies. A new approach was tested on the example of a model species of bream (Abramis brama L.) in the Kuibyshev reservoir as a common inhabitant of different morpho-hydrological properties of reservoirs in Europe, belonging to the LC group according to the IUCN classification. An array of new scientific data has been obtained. Based on the calculation of natural mortality by approximating the population curve, taking into account the age composition of catches, it is shown that with a stable replenishment of the fishing herd, when high- and small-numbered generations enter the fishery, depending on the spawning conditions, bream stocks are not expected to be undermined. The results of the study can be used as a basis for assessing the state of fish populations, developing measures for the rational development of their reserves in conditions of unstable hydrological regime of reservoirs and weakening of control over fishing in the protection of fish resources