Horizon-T Experiment Status

Horizon-T is an innovative detector system constructed to study Extensive Air Showers (EAS) in the energy range above 1016 eV coming from a wide range of zenith angles (0o - 85o). The system is located at the Tien Shan High-altitude Science Station of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences at 3340 meters above sea level. It consists of eight charged particle detection points separated by distances up to one kilometer as well as an optical detector subsystem to measure the Vavilov-Cherenkov light from the EAS. The time resolution of charged particles and Vavilov-Cherenkov light photons passage of the detector system is a few ns. This level of resolution allows conducting a research of the atmospheric development of individual EAS. This report focuses on a general description of the detector system and the individual sub-systems providing an overview of the operations and latest results

Extensive Air Showers with Unusual Structure

The total of 23500 Extensive Air Showers (EAS) with the energy above 1016 eV have been detected during the 3500 hours of Horizon-T (HT) detectors system operations before Aug 2016. Among these EAS, more than a thousand had an unusual spatial and temporary structure that showed the pulses with several maxima (modals or modes) from several detection points of the HT at the same time. These modes are separated in time from each other starting from tens to thousands of ns. These EAS have been called multi-modal. Analysis shows that the multi-modal EAS that have been detected by Horizon-T have the following properties: 1. Multi-modal EAS have energy above 1017 eV. 2. Pulses with several modes are located at large distances from EAS axis. The overview of the collected data will be provided. General comments about the unusualities of the structure of the multi-modal EAS will be presented

Extensive Air Showers with Unusual Structure

The total of 23500 Extensive Air Showers (EAS) with the energy above 1016 eV have been detected during the 3500 hours of Horizon-T (HT) detectors system operations before Aug 2016. Among these EAS, more than a thousand had an unusual spatial and temporary structure that showed the pulses with several maxima (modals or modes) from several detection points of the HT at the same time. These modes are separated in time from each other starting from tens to thousands of ns. These EAS have been called multi-modal. Analysis shows that the multi-modal EAS that have been detected by Horizon-T have the following properties: 1. Multi-modal EAS have energy above 1017 eV. 2. Pulses with several modes are located at large distances from EAS axis. The overview of the collected data will be provided. General comments about the unusualities of the structure of the multi-modal EAS will be presented

RESULTS OF TOTAL LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISK REPLACEMENT WITH M6-L: A MULTICENTER STUDY

ABSTRACT Objective: In this paper we report the clinical and radiological results of lumbar intervertebral disk (IVD) replacement with M6-L for the treatment of patients with IVD degeneration. Methods: One hundred and fifty-six patients with IVD degeneration were operated with the one level implantation of an M6-L prosthesis at three neurosurgical departments, in Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk and Vladivostok. We assessed pain intensity (VAS), the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and outcomes by the Macnab scale up to 36 months after surgery. Instrumental data were used to assess range of motion in the operated segment and heterotopic ossification by the McAfee-Suchomel classification. Results: The average VAS before surgery was 6.9 ± 1.6 cm. After surgery, this value reduced significantly, to an average of 1.3 ± 1.2 cm (p<0.001). The average ODI before surgery was 40.2 ± 6.9%, and after IVD arthroplasty, this indictor improved to 12.3 ± 6.1% (p <0.001). Range of motion in the operated segment at baseline averaged 36.8 ± 2.6o, and within 36 months after the operation, this had increased to 41.2 ± 2.9o. During the entire follow-up period, signs of severe (13.4%, n = 21) or moderate (10.2%, n = 16) heterotopic ossification were observed. Conclusions: The use of M6-L prosthesis can significantly reduce the level of pain, improve quality of life and maintain the physiological range of motion in the operated spinal segment in patients with degenerative lesions IVD at a low level of adverse outcomes. [249 Words]

RESULTS OF TOTAL LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISK REPLACEMENT WITH M6-L: A MULTICENTER STUDY

<div><p>ABSTRACT Objective: In this paper we report the clinical and radiological results of lumbar intervertebral disk (IVD) replacement with M6-L for the treatment of patients with IVD degeneration. Methods: One hundred and fifty-six patients with IVD degeneration were operated with the one level implantation of an M6-L prosthesis at three neurosurgical departments, in Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk and Vladivostok. We assessed pain intensity (VAS), the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and outcomes by the Macnab scale up to 36 months after surgery. Instrumental data were used to assess range of motion in the operated segment and heterotopic ossification by the McAfee-Suchomel classification. Results: The average VAS before surgery was 6.9 ± 1.6 cm. After surgery, this value reduced significantly, to an average of 1.3 ± 1.2 cm (p<0.001). The average ODI before surgery was 40.2 ± 6.9%, and after IVD arthroplasty, this indictor improved to 12.3 ± 6.1% (p <0.001). Range of motion in the operated segment at baseline averaged 36.8 ± 2.6o, and within 36 months after the operation, this had increased to 41.2 ± 2.9o. During the entire follow-up period, signs of severe (13.4%, n = 21) or moderate (10.2%, n = 16) heterotopic ossification were observed. Conclusions: The use of M6-L prosthesis can significantly reduce the level of pain, improve quality of life and maintain the physiological range of motion in the operated spinal segment in patients with degenerative lesions IVD at a low level of adverse outcomes. [249 Words].</p></div

Extensive Air Showers with unusual structure

A total of 23500 Extensive Air Showers (EAS) with energies above ∼ 1016 eV have been detected during the ∼3500 hours of the Horizon-T (HT) detectors system operations before Aug. 2016. Among these EAS, more than a thousand had an unusual spatial and temporary structure that showed pulses with several maxima (modals or modes) from several detection points of the HT at the same time. These modes are separated in time from each other starting from tens to thousands of ns. These EAS have been called multi-modal. Analysis shows that the multi-modal EAS that have been detected by Horizon-T have the following properties: 1. Multi-modal EAS have energy above ∼1017 eV. 2. Pulses with several modes are located at large distances from the EAS axis. An overview of the collected data will be provided. General comments about the unusual structure of the multi-modal EAS will be presented

Horizon-T experiment status

Horizon-T is an innovative detector system constructed to study Extensive Air Showers (EAS) in the energy range above 1016 eV coming from a wide range of zenith angles (0°–85°). The system is located at the Tien Shan High-altitude Science Station of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences at ∼  3340 meters above sea level. It consists of eight charged particle detection points separated by distances up to one kilometer as well as an optical detector subsystem to measure the Vavilov-Cherenkov light from the EAS. The time resolution of charged particles and Vavilov-Cherenkov light photons passage of the detector system is a few ns. This level of resolution allows conducting a research of the atmospheric development of individual EAS. This report focuses on a general description of the detector system and the individual sub-systems providing an overview of the operations and latest results

Extensive Air Showers with unusual structure

A total of 23500 Extensive Air Showers (EAS) with energies above ∼ 1016 eV have been detected during the ∼3500 hours of the Horizon-T (HT) detectors system operations before Aug. 2016. Among these EAS, more than a thousand had an unusual spatial and temporary structure that showed pulses with several maxima (modals or modes) from several detection points of the HT at the same time. These modes are separated in time from each other starting from tens to thousands of ns. These EAS have been called multi-modal. Analysis shows that the multi-modal EAS that have been detected by Horizon-T have the following properties: 1. Multi-modal EAS have energy above ∼1017 eV. 2. Pulses with several modes are located at large distances from the EAS axis. An overview of the collected data will be provided. General comments about the unusual structure of the multi-modal EAS will be presented