Inviscid Batchelor-model flow past an airfoil with a vortex trapped in a cavity

Published versio

High-Reynolds-number Batchelor-model asymptotics of a flow past an aerofoil with a vortex trapped in a cavity

Published versio

Limit theorems for the spacings of weak records

Let W(1), W(2), . . . be weak record values obtained from a sample of independent variables with common discrete distribution. In the present paper, we derive weak and strong limit theorems for the spacings W(n + m) - W(n), m a parts per thousand yen 1, n -> a

Oxidative stress in serum and peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with different disease courses of multiple sclerosis

Background The role of oxidative stress in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is poorly understood. Objective To investigate oxidative stress in serum and peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with different disease courses of MS. Methods Diene conjugate (DC) levels (a measure of lipid peroxidation), total antioxidative activity (AOA) and total anti-radical activity (ARA) were measured in serum and peripheral blood leukocytes from 30 patients with benign relapsing remitting MS (BMS), 27 with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), 29 with primary progressive MS (PPMS), and 30 healthy controls. All MS patients were in a clinically stable phase. Results Serum DC levels were elevated in patients with BMS (p <0.05), SPMS (p <0.01) and PPMS (p <0.001). Serum total AOA and ARA were not different between MS patients and controls. Compared to controls, leukocyte DC levels were not different in each MS subgroup, but total ARA was elevated. There was a strong correlation, both in controls and MS patients, between leukocyte D C levels and leukocyte total ARA (p <0.0001) and leukocyte total AOA (p <0.0001). Conclusion Oxidative stress occurs in progressive as well as benign MS. The finding that cells withstand oxidative stress, due to upregulated cellular antioxidant defence mechanisms, suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in MS is not necessarily deleterious