Treatment for plano-valgus foot in children with subtalar arthroereisis. A review

Plano-valgus foot is a common problem among children and adolescents. The problem is most often noticed in early childhood, as this is the period when the arches of the foot should achieve a normal structure through the disappearance of the fat pad that is present from birth. During this period, the child's skeletal system is very malleable and its remodelling can be considerably influenced by additional factors. This is due to the high amount of cartilage tissue present in a child's skeletal system. Plano-valgus foot can be treated with non-operative methods, such as physiotherapy or the use of orthopaedic supplies, such as suitable orthopaedic insoles. Unfortunately, non-operative treatment is not always sufficient. If physiotherapy does not achieve the expected results, a physician may opt for surgical treatment to restore a correct foot alignment. The most commonly performed plano-valgus foot procedure is subtalar arthroereisis. It is a minimally invasive procedure that takes approximately 10–30 minutes to perform. During the procedure, appropriate implants of various types and sizes are inserted into the tarsal sinus to reduce excessive foot pronation. Studies have shown that the procedure is beneficial to the patient, as it positions the foot correctly and children can return to performing physical activities without experiencing pain and/or rapid muscle fatigue in the foot area. The most commonly used measurements to assess the effects of plantar arthrodesis are those calculated from X-rays, such as Meary's angle, calcaneal inclination pitch angle (CP), talocalcaneal angle (Kite's angle), and surveys using The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society’s (AOFAS’s) ankle and hindfoot scoring system

The influence of four-month exercises during lessons on body posture in children in younger school age

The aim of the study was to check the impact of the school environment on the child's body posture and assessment of the influence of four-month physical exercises on school children's lessons on the results of measurements of spine mobility, physiological spinal curvature and attitude of the body Material and methods: the study group consisted of 23 children (including 10 boys), a control group of 15 children (including 10 boys), pupils of the 1st and 2nd grade Sports Primary School in Sosnowiec. The body posture was assessed 2 times at a 4-month interval in both groups (test and control). Spine mobility was examined by a finger-floor test and left and right using a centimeter, the physiological curvature of the spine was examined at the top of the sacrum using a goniometer , shoulder settings and thoracic kyphosis were examined by the Kasperczyk method. Conclusion: The conducted observational study indicates a positive clinical effect of the, introduced during, lesson exercises with children in order to promote the correct posture

Erythema nodosum in the course of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and pregnancy in a 17–year-old patient

Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis in the paediatric population. It is manifested by painful tumours in shades of red within the subcutaneous tissue, most often within the lower legs. Mild, non-specific systemic symptoms may occur. The course of erythema nodosum is associated primarily with local pain, sometimes implying motor disorders. Erythema nodosum may be primary or secondary as a manifestation of a systemic disease, medication or pregnancy. Although the course is often self-limiting, detecting erythema nodosum requires a systematised diagnosis of potential causative diseases. A detailed medical history and physical examination are vital in this process. Treatment of erythema nodosum most often consists of administering analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Proper causal treatment of the primary disease is more important. The paper presents a case of a teenage girl with an intense course of erythema nodosum, in whom two probable causes of its occurrence were found

Analysis of selected methods of diagnostics and physiotherapy of pes plano-valgus in children

Introduction: Flat feet is one of the most common posture defects among children and it usually co-occurs with valgus of the heels, which is called pes plano-valgus. There are many diagnostic methods and physiotherapeutic activities that allow for early detection and appropriate correction of the defect. The use of non-surgical methods may allow the child to avoid surgery in the future. Aim and Methods: Review and analysis of the current scientific literature on the diagnosis and physiotherapy of plano-valgus feet in children. Conclusions: In the diagnostic process, there are many static and dynamic methods for the assessment of plano-valgus foot among children. Special devices such as plantoconturograph, podoscope, and pedobarographic mat are used in the diagnosis of feet in children and have proven to be helpful in the detailed analysis of foot defects. However, an extensive range of physiotherapeutic methods allows for comprehensive treatment using not only corrective exercises, but also physical therapy treatments in order to relieve pain and accelerate recovery. Orthopedic appliances, such as supination insoles, also play an important role in the treatment. The best results were seen in the use of comprehensive treatment and multiple terapeutic methods. Early detection and correct diagnosis of foot abnormalities allow for appropriate treatment with the use of a wide range of physiotherapy methods. This increases the chances of restoring normal foot functions among children and reducing pain with other abnormal symptoms

Legal and organizational aspects of the implementation of immunization in Poland after the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction. Reducing the transmission of infectious diseases both among vaccinated individuals and the general population is only possible with the introduction of mandatory vaccination. The purpose of this article is to analyze the normative acts in force in the territory of the Republic of Poland, regulating mandatory and recommended immunizations. State of the art description. In Poland, immunization is mandatory and carried out in accordance with the Immunization Program for children and adolescents up to the age of 19, and persons particularly vulnerable to disease are published annually as a communiqué of the Chief Sanitary Inspector in the Official Journal of the Minister of Health. The issue of recommended immunizations is clarified by the Regulation of the Minister of Health of September 16, 2010, on the list of recommended immunizations and how to finance and document recommended immunizations required by international health regulations. According to Article 17(6) of the Law, vaccination may be performed by a doctor, feldsher, nurse, midwife, and school hygienist, as long as they have the appropriate qualifications. These qualifications are described in detail in the Ordinance of the Minister of Health of August 18, 2011, on mandatory immunization. According to Article 16 of the Law on Patient Rights and Patient Ombudsman, every patient has the right both to consent and to refuse certain health services. Conclusion. Immunization on the territory of the Republic of Poland is mandatory and is subject to legal regulation in the form of laws, regulations, and announcements, cited above. The exceptions are recommended vaccinations and COVID-19 vaccination, which are voluntary but are also legally normalized.&nbsp

Allergic diseases of the eye in children from the clinician’s practical point of view

Allergic diseases of eye in children are one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood and often present difficulties in daily clinical practice. The incidence of allergic eye diseases is estimated to be 15- 20% in the general population, and visits related to them encounter for up to 40-60% among patients attending allergy clinics. The peak incidence is at school age around 10 years old. The allergic eye diseases do not always coexist with symptoms of other allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (90%). The purpose of this review is to present the therapeutic algorithms for children with symptoms of allergic diseases of eye on the basis of current literature from a practical point of view. It presents tips for allergist and pediatricians on diagnosing allergic eye disorders. In accordance with the guidelines, local antihistaminic medications or mast-cell stabilizers are recommended as first-line treatment due to their strong local anti-itch properties. Immunotherapy seems to be an advantageous alternative to treatment of allergic eye diseases in children.Choroby alergiczne oka u dzieci należą do jednych z najczęściej wystę- pujących chorób przewlekłych i są częstym problemem w codziennej praktyce pediatrycznej. Częstość występowania chorób alergicznych oczu jest szacowana na 15-20% populacji światowej i stanowi 40-60% pacjentów poradni alergologicznych. Najczęściej u dzieci objawy występują w wieku szkolnym, ze szczytem występowania w 10 r.ż. Objawy oczne nie zawsze występują z objawami innych chorób alergicznych, przy czym najczęściej współwystępują z alergicznym zapaleniem nosa (90%). Celem doniesienia jest przedstawienie algorytmów terapeutycznych dla dzieci z objawami alergii ocznej w oparciu o aktualną literaturę z punktu widzenia codziennej praktyki lekarskiej. Artykuł zawiera wskazówki dla alergologów, pediatrów w zakresie rozpoznawania cech klinicznych alergicznego zapalenia spojówek (AC). Zgodnie z zaleceniami miejscowe leki antyhistaminowe oraz stabilizujące mastocyty powinny być stosowane w terapii 1-go rzutu z uwagi na ich silne miejscowe działanie p/świądowe. Immunoterapia SCID wydaje się być korzystną alternatywą leczenia alergii oka u dzieci

Levels of eotaxin-3 as a noninvasive biomarker for monitoring the treatment EoE in school age children with food allergy

Introduction Study in which we found a significant and specific alteration of eotaxins-3  in active EoE childrens with food allergy. Aim The aim of the study was to identity eotaxin-3 that correlated with activity of EoE as measurmed by esophageal eosinophilia  and response to treatment by using elimination  diet  in children group with food allergy in the course of EoE. Material and methods Five childrens ranging in age from 12 to 18 years with EoE and food allergy was studied for up to 12 weeks of used eliminate food to which the children are sensitized. Biomarker (eotaxin-3 / CCL26) in serum were analyzed as to their use as a noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis and assessment of EoE disease status. Results Eotaxin-3 levels correlated significantly with all investigated clinical parameters: blood eosinophils levels ( r=0,80,p<0,01), eosinophils in thissue biopsy ( r=0,66, p<0,01) and IgE levels (r=0,34,p<0,05) from EoE patients. Conclusions Eotaxin-3 might  constitute a pathogenic player in tissue eosinophilia and subsequent esophagus damage, and a biomarker for disease activity and interesting therapeutic target in EoE