Association between malaria (Blank = Negative, Filled = Positive) by SCD and Foetal hemoglobin levels for individuals in all ages (A) and for ≥5 years (B).

<p>Sample size of each group is shown on the x-axis and p-values (p) in the graph were derived from t-tests (HbAA and HbSS) and Wilcox sign rank test (HbAS). The box show median (central line) and inter quartile range (IQR). The top whisker corresponds to the largest observation that is less than or equal to the 75th percentile + 1.5 x IQR. The bottom whisker corresponds to the smallest observation that is greater than or equal to the 25th percentile—1.5 x IQR, while open circles are the outliers.</p

Coefficient estimates from multivariate logistic (single visit at the time of HbF measurement) and GEE (multiple visits) regression models of malaria in relation to SCD status, HbF levels and age for individuals of all ages.

<p>^§Transformed by square root</p><p>*Seven individuals with missing age excluded</p><p>**20 visits with missing age excluded</p><p>Coefficient estimates from multivariate logistic (single visit at the time of HbF measurement) and GEE (multiple visits) regression models of malaria in relation to SCD status, HbF levels and age for individuals of all ages.</p

Participants in the malaria study in the Sickle Cell Disease programme at Muhimbili National Hospital.

<p>Participants in the malaria study in the Sickle Cell Disease programme at Muhimbili National Hospital.</p

Age at enrollment, duration of follow-up and age at death.

<p>Age at enrollment, duration of follow-up and age at death.</p

Laboratory features at enrollment visit associated with survival in SCA patients.

<p>Association between mortality and laboratory measurements at enrollment was explored using logistic regression.</p

Mortality rates stratified by age at censoring or death.

<p>Mortality rates for 1,564 SCA patients enrolled and with more than one clinic visit. The rates take into account date of birth and date of recruitment into the study.</p

Survival of SCA during the study, stratified by level of hemoglobin at enrollment.

<p>Survival of SCA during the study, stratified by level of hemoglobin at enrollment.</p

The geographical distribution of registered SCA patients who live in Dar-es-Salaam.

<p>The geographical distribution of registered SCA patients who live in Dar-es-Salaam.</p