Results of bivariate and multivariable analysis of risk factors for hospitalized influenza B, indicating the factors that were included in the multivariate model (p<0.10), Bondo District, Kenya, 2007-9.

a<p>Total number of cases and controls tested was 21 and 53 respectively. Reference group is HIV-negative.</p

Description of the study participants in case-control study of risk factors for hospitalized influenza, Bondo District, Kenya, 2007-9.

<p>Description of the study participants in case-control study of risk factors for hospitalized influenza, Bondo District, Kenya, 2007-9.</p

Results of bivariate and multivariable analysis of risk factors for hospitalized influenza A and B, indicating the factors that were included in the multivariate model (p<0.10), Bondo District, Kenya, 2007-9.

a<p>Total number of cases and controls tested was 53 and 136 respectively. Reference group is HIV-negative.</p

Results of bivariate and multivariable analysis of risk factors for hospitalized influenza A, indicating the factors that were included in the multivariate model (p<0.10), Bondo District, Kenya, 2007-9.

a<p>Total number of cases and controls tested was 32 and 82 respectively. Reference group is HIV-negative.</p

Prevalence and factors associated with RVF virus among persons aged 15–64 years, Kenya, 2007.

<p>cut off point to include factors in multivariate is pvalue <0.1</p><p>p value is the global p value for the bivariate variable</p><p>M_OR_CI is the multivariate odds ratio</p><p>M_p_value is the category multivariate p value</p><p>Ref- reference</p><p>+—and above</p><p>N, n = number of persons</p><p>Prevalence and factors associated with RVF virus among persons aged 15–64 years, Kenya, 2007.</p

Prevalence and factors associated with chikungunya virus among persons aged 15–64 years, Kenya, 2007.

<p>cut off point to include factors in multivariate is pvalue <0.1</p><p>p value is the global p value for the bivariate variable</p><p>M_OR_CI is the multivariate odds ratio</p><p>M_p_value is the category multivariate p value</p><p>Ref- reference</p><p>+—and above</p><p>N, n = number of persons</p><p>Prevalence and factors associated with chikungunya virus among persons aged 15–64 years, Kenya, 2007.</p

Comparison of demographics of persons who had blood cultures and nasopharyngeal (np) and oropharyngeal (op) specimens taken and those who did not among ARI patients, western Kenya, 2007–9.

<p>IQR is interquartile range.</p

Comparison of results of naso/oropharyngeal specimens between ARI cases and controls.

<p>January 1 2009, – Feb 28, 2010, western Kenya.</p>a<p>For calculation of odds ratio (OR) for outpatient and inpatient cases, the same set of controls were used since controls were only outpatient.</p>b<p>p value given when OR is not calculable.</p>c<p>In this time period, specimens from 447 cases and 184 controls were tested were tested for <i>M. pneumoniae</i>, rhino/enterovirus and parechovirus. Among cases there were 334 outpatients and 113 inpatients.</p

Equation to calculate incidence of ARI by etiology.

<p>Equation to calculate incidence of ARI by etiology.</p

Monthly rates of ARI by etiology and malaria.

<p>The percent of ARI cases positive influenza viruses A and B is by qPCR and malaria by blood smear (panel A) and RSV and hMPV by qPCR and pneumococcus by blood culture (panel B), March 1, 2007-February 28, 2010. Asembo, western Kenya. Pneumococcus only given by blood culture because urine antigen testing was not available during entire time period. Pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (pH1N1) first detected at Lwak Hospital in November 2009.</p