The effect of the anastomotic size on gastric emptying after hemigastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction

Objective To determine if the size of the gastrojejunal anastomosis after Billroth II reconstruction was the rate-limiting factor in gastric emptying in the postoperative period

Light enhances the growth rates of natural populations of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria

3 pages, 2 figures, supplementary information https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.79Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria are microorganisms that can harvest light energy using bacteriochlorophyll a to supplement their predominantly organotrophic metabolism. Growth enhancement by light has repeatedly been demonstrated in laboratory experiments with AAP isolates. However, the ecological advantage of light utilization is unclear, as it has never been proven in the natural environment. Here, we conducted manipulation experiments in the NW Mediterranean and found that AAP bacteria display high growth rates which are controlled to a large extent by intense grazing pressure and phosphorous availability. Foremost, we found that, contrarily to the bulk bacterioplakton, AAP bacteria display higher growth rates when incubated under light-dark cycles than in complete darkness. These results represent the first direct evidence that natural populations of marine AAP bacteria can be stimulated by lightThis work was supported by grant REMEI (CTM2015-70340-R) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity. MK was supported by the GA ČR project 13-11281S and the MŠMT project Algatech PlusPeer Reviewe