AKULTURASI BUDAYA ETNIS TIONGHOA MUSLIM DI MASJID MUHAMMAD CHENG HOO SURABAYA

Perkembangan globalisasi memberikan dampak pada perkembangan suatu budaya dalam masyarakat. Hal ini dikarenakan budaya memiliki peranan penting yang dapat mempengaruhi faktor ekonomi dan social dalam suatu negara. Dengan adanya perkembangan budaya dalam suatu negara, dapat menambah pengetahuan masyarakat dan keinginan untuk mengenal lebih jauh suatu budaya tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk mengenal lebih jauh lagi terhadap perkembangan budaya etnis Tionghoa Muslim di Indonesia. Melalui hasil wawancara dan studi pustaka yang didapatkan penulis, bahwa perkembangan budaya etnis Tionghoa Muslim banyak memberikan dampak positif terhadap masyarakat lainnya contohnya yaitu adanya pembauran adat istiadat antara etnis Tionghoa dengan agama Muslim, dapat saling berkomunikasi dengan baik dan terarah antar masyarakat, adanya pembauran dengan tidak membedakan agama dan etnis, sikap toleransi terhadap perkembangan masyarakat serta menjalin persahabatan, kerukunan dan perdamaian. Penulis membahas tentang Akulturasi Budaya Etnis Tionghoa Muslim di Masjid Muhammad Cheng Hoo Surabaya, agar lebih jauh mengenal budaya etnis Tionghoa Muslim. Semoga dengan penulisan ini dapat memberikan kontribusi positif bagi dunia pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin di Indonesia dengan adanya Akulturasi Budaya Etnis Tionghoa Muslim di Masjid Muhammad Cheng Hoo Surabaya yang unik dan beraneka ragam

The estimation of aboveground biomass and nutrient pools of understorey plants in closed Norway spruce forests and on clearcuts

The estimation model PhytoCalc allows a non-destructive quantification of dry weight and nutrient pools of understorey plants in forests by using the relationship between species biomass, cover and mean shoot length. The model has been validated with independent samples in several German forest types and can be a useful tool in forest monitoring. However, in open areas within forests (e.g. clearcuts), the current model version underestimates biomass and produces unreliable nutrient pool estimations. Thus, tissue density, as approximated by leaf dry matter content (LDMC), is systematically higher under high light compared to low light conditions. We demonstrate that the ratio of LDMC under clearcut conditions to LDMC under forest conditions can be used to adjust the PhytoCalc model to clearcut conditions. We investigated the LDMC ratio of five exemplary species commonly occurring on clearcuts. Integrating the square of the ratio as a correction factor improved estimates of biomass to more than 70% fit between observations and predictions. Results also suggest this ratio can be used to correct nutrient concentrations modelled in PhytoCalc, which tend to be overestimated in clearcuts. As morphological groups of plant species exhibit significantly different ratios, we advise using group-specific correction factors for clearcut adjustments in the future

Identification of a porcine liver eomes-high-T-bet-low NK cell subset that resembles human liver resident NK cells

Natural killer (NK) cells are cells of the innate immunity and play an important role in the defense against viral infections and cancer, but also contribute to shaping adaptive immune responses. Long-lived tissue-resident NK cells have been described in man and mouse, particularly in the liver, contributing to the idea that the functional palette of NK cells may be broader than originally thought, and may include memory-like responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Remarkably, liver resident (lr)NK cells in man and mouse show substantial species-specific differences, in particular reverse expression patterns of the T-box transcription factors Eomesodermin (Eomes) and T-bet (Eomes(high)T-bet(low) in man and vice versa in mouse). In pig, compared to blood NK cells which are CD3-CD8 alpha(high) cells, the porcine liver contains an abundant additional CD3-CD8 alpha(dim) NK cell subpopulation. In the current study, we show that this porcine CD3-CD8 alpha(dim) liver NK population is highly similar to its human lrNK counterpart and therefore different from mouse lrNK cells. Like human lrNK cells, this porcine NK cell population shows an Eomes(high)T-bet(low) expression pattern. In addition, like its human counterpart, the porcine liver NK population is CD49e(-) and CXCR6(+). Furthermore, the porcine Eomes(high)T-bet(low) liver NK cell population is able to produce IFN-gamma upon IL-2/12/18 stimulation but lacks the ability to kill K562 or pseudorabies virus-infected target cells, although limited degranulation could be observed upon incubation with K562 cells or upon CD16 crosslinking. All together, these results show that porcine Eomes(high)T-bet(low) NK cells in the liver strongly resemble human lrNK cells, and therefore indicate that the pig may represent a unique model to study the function of these lrNK cells in health and disease

Winckelmann, Mengs und die deutsche Kunst

Seinem Hauptwerk, der Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums, setzte Winckelmann als Widmung voran: »Diese Geschichte der Kunst weihe ich der Kunst, und der Zeit, und besonders meinem Freunde, Herrn Anton Raphael Mengs. Rom, im Julius 1763.« Hierin die übliche Widmung eines Buches über die Kunst an den Künstler zu sehen, verbietet sich schon deshalb, weil an einer wichtigen Stelle des Werkes ein Satz steht, der wegen seiner allzu dick aufgetragenen Lobrederei auffällt: »Der Inbegriff aller beschriebenen Schönheiten in den Figuren der Alten findet sich in den unsterblichen Werken Herrn Anton Raphael Mengs, ersten Hofmalers der Könige von Spanien und Polen, des größten Künstlers seiner und vielleicht auch der folgenden Zeit. Er ist als ein Phönix gleichsam aus der Asche des ersten Raphaels erweckt worden, um der Welt in der Kunst die Schönheit zu lehren und den höchsten Flug menschlicher Kräfte in derselben zu erreichen ...“. Wie ist diese erstaunliche Aussage zu verstehen? Was hat es mit der Metapher des Phönix auf sich? In welchem Verhältnis steht Winckelmann zu Mengs? Diese und verwandte Fragen stehen im Zentrum des Aufsatzes