770 research outputs found
The total costs of corporate borrowing in the loan market : don't ignore the fees
More than 80% of US syndicated loans contain at least one fee type and contracts typically
specify a menu of spread and different types of fees. We test the predictions of existing theories
about the main purposes of fees and provide supporting evidence that: (1) fees are used to price
options embedded in loan contracts such as the draw-down option for credit lines and the
cancellation option in term loans; and (2) fees are used to screen borrowers about the likelihood
of exercising these options. We also propose a new total-cost-of-borrowing measure that includes
various fees charged by lenders
Economic conditions and the health of newborns:Evidence from comprehensive register data
We examine whether economic downturns are beneficial to health outcomes of newborn infants in developed countries. For this we use merged population-wide registers on health and economic and demographic variables, including the national medical birth register and intergenerational link registers from Sweden covering 1992–2004. We take a rigorous econometric approach that exploits regional variation in unemployment and compares babies born to the same parents so as to deal with possible selective fertility based on labour market conditions. We find that downturns are beneficial; an increase in the unemployment rate during pregnancy reduces the probability of having a birth weight less than 1500 grams or of dying within 28 days of birth. Effects are larger in low socio-economic status households. Health improvements cannot be attributed to the parents’ own employment status. Instead, the results suggest other pathways triggered by the economic cycle
Design considerations for dynamic fluid flow in porous media experiments using X-ray computed micro tomography – A review
Ten-year trends in atmospheric mercury concentrations, meteorological effects and climate variables at Zeppelin, Ny-Alesund
Laboratory Tests of Gravitational Physics Using a Cryogenic Torsion Pendulum
Progress and plans are reported for a program of gravitational physics
experiments using cryogenic torsion pendula undergoing large amplitude
torsional oscillation. The program includes a UC Irvine project to measure the
gravitational constant G and joint UC Irvine - U. Washington projects to test
the gravitational inverse square law at a range of about 10 cm and to test the
weak equivalence principle.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, contribution to the 10th Marcel Grossman
Conference Proceedings (Rio de Janeiro, July 20 - 26, 2003) - changed wording
in first paragraph of section
Relative permeability as a stationary process: energy fluctuations in immiscible displacement
Relative permeability is commonly used to model immiscible fluid flow through
porous materials. In this work we derive the relative permeability relationship
from conservation of energy, assuming that the system to be non-ergodic at
large length scales and relying on averaging in both space and time to
homogenize the behavior. Explicit criteria are obtained to define stationary
conditions: (1) there can be no net change for extensive measures of the system
state over the time averaging interval; (2) the net energy inputs into the
system are zero, meaning that the net rate of work done on the system must
balance with the heat removed; and (3) there is no net work performed due to
the contribution of internal energy fluctuations. Results are then evaluated
based on direct numerical simulation. Dynamic connectivity is observed during
steady-state flow, which is quantitatively assessed based the Euler
characteristic. We show that even during steady-state flow at low capillary
number (), typical flow processes will explore
multiple connectivity states. The residence time for each connectivity state is
captured based on the time-and-space average. The distribution for energy
fluctuations is shown to be multi-modal and non-Gaussian when terms are
considered independently. However, we demonstrate that their sum is zero. Given
an appropriate choice of the thermodynamic driving force, we show that the
conventional relative permeability relationship is sufficient to model the
energy dissipation in systems with complex pore-scale dynamics that routinely
alter the structure of fluid connected pathways
Acute myocardial infarction and syncope in an 18-year-old athlete with an abnormal origin of the left coronary artery: a case report
We report a case of acute myocardial infarction and syncope in an 18-year-old athlete during high-performance exercise. A coronary arteriography and an angiographic computed tomography scan subsequently revealed a left coronary arterial origin from the right aortic sinus along with an intramural course of the left main stem. The patient was successfully treated with surgical unroofing of the left main stem from inside the aorta. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating this type of anomaly pre- and postoperatively by use of angiographic computed tomography scan in the context of acute coronary syndrome
Revisiting the Brønsted acid catalysed hydrolysis kinetics of polymeric carbohydrates in ionic liquids by in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
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