Effects of spatial modelling on the perception of time. Definition of places through temporal typologies.

The complex relationship between time and architectural design manifests itself in many ways, some of which are emblematic of how temporalities are part of the very concept of architecture. When we talk about time, we frequently think about its consequences on buildings (i.e. generating forms of decay), or how architecture reacts to its cyclical or linear flow - days and seasons, years and centuries - or how architects refer their work to history. Moreover, in the sphere of design, further typologies of temporalities come into play; after all, projecting something into the future is a significant feature of design itself. In the field of perception and consciousness, some elements allow us to link the notions of space and time. 20th century philosophical literature is full of reflections on this relationship, starting from the phenomenological approach to reality and subsequent authors like Henri Bergson, Martin Heiddeger and Dino Formaggio, who demonstrated how the individual perception of time was influenced by the pure form of space: topics such as duration, simultaneity, instantaneity, endurance and other kinds of temporalities can be read as consequences of the spatial action on individuals. If space and time are related, then the manipulation of space - the matter of architectural design - necessarily affects the perception of time. Light and shadow, transparency and opacity, sound and silence, solid and hollow (etc.), are the proper tools of architects’ practice to determine different temporalities within spatial design, identifying architecture as the territory where this relationship materialises. In this research paper, references of this concept are investigated through effective examples, which best represents the architectural design capability to determine dilations, contractions or suspension in time perception. Trying to observe these topics from the research in peri-urban and inner European territories - one of the frontiers of architectural study in Western countries - and acknowledging that architectural design is a modification of time and not just of space, suggests architects to apply time-based design strategies which are tailored to the needs that the 21st century dynamic and unstable context requires

Development and cross-validation of prediction equations for estimating resting energy expenditure in severely obese Caucasian children and adolescents

The objectives of the present study were to develop and cross-validate new equations for predicting resting energy expenditure (REE) in severely obese children and adolescents, and to determine the accuracy of new equations using the Bland–Altman method. The subjects of the study were 574 obese Caucasian children and adolescents (mean BMI z-score 3·3). REE was determined by indirect calorimetry and body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Equations were derived by stepwise multiple regression analysis using a calibration cohort of 287 subjects and the equations were cross-validated in the remaining 287 subjects. Two new specific equations based on anthropometric parameters were generated as follows: (1) REE=(Sex×892·68)−(Age×115·93)+(Weight×54·96)+(Stature×1816·23)+1484·50 (R2 0·66; se 1028·97 kJ); (2) REE=(Sex×909·12)−(Age×107·48)+(fat-free mass×68·39)+(fat mass×55·19)+3631·23 (R2 0·66; se 1034·28 kJ). In the cross-validation group, mean predicted REE values were not significantly different from the mean measured REE for all children and adolescents, as well as for boys and for girls (difference <2 %) and the limits of agreement (±2 sd) were +2·06 and −1·77 MJ/d (NS). The new prediction equations allow an accurate estimation of REE in groups of severely obese children and adolescents. These equations might be useful for health care professionals and researchers when estimating REE in severely obese children and adolescents

Post-surgical scar assessment in rehabilitation: a systematic review

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Design and circular economy. Architectures that regenerate the built fabric

Although the circular economy has occupied a crucial place in the development agendas of industrialized countries in recent years, the construction sector still seems far from a mature understanding of the cultural dimensions related to the notion of circularity since, until now, its focus has been mainly on improving technological solutions. However, the circular economy opens up new operational frontiers beyond the scale of the construction detail. It embraces more complex social and cultural fields that ultimately question the changing relationship between man and inhabited space. The article assumes this perspective and examines the possible implications of circular logics’ spatial organizations at larger scales that have a great impact on settlement forms, proposing a critical comparison between two case studies characterized by two built fabrics with different densities. The first one is the regeneration of the Ilot de l’Arc de Triomphe district (high density and compactness), and the second one is the transformation of Contrada Bricconi (low density and rarefaction). The two design experiences ensurie a second life to inhabited artifacts and soils

Preliminary Assessment of Radiolysis for the Cooling Water System in the Rotating Target of {SORGENTINA}-{RF}

The SORGENTINA-RF project aims at developing a 14 MeV fusion neutron source featuring an emission rate in the order of 5-7 x 10(13) s(-1). The plant relies on a metallic water-cooled rotating target and a deuterium (50%) and tritium (50%) ion beam. Beyond the main focus of medical radioisotope production, the source may represent a multi-purpose neutron facility by implementing a series of neutron-based techniques. Among the different engineering and technological issues to be addressed, the production of incondensable gases and corrosion product into the rotating target deserves a dedicated investigation. In this study, a preliminary analysis is carried out, considering the general layout of the target and the present choice of the target material

TransITA. L’inversione dello sguardo critico nella ricerca progettuale sulle aree interne italiane.

Il contributo proposto muove dall’esperienza di una ricerca di Dottorato in corso d’opera e di una tesi di Laurea Magistrale discussa nel 2021, con un comune oggetto di studio: lo sviluppo di strategie progettuali per l’area interna della Valle Roveto (Abruzzo), considerando un’inversione di sguardo nella ricerca progettuale. L’architettura diviene catalizzatore per la coesione territoriale e il possibile ripopolamento di contesti marginali e fragili se il progettista-ricercatore sa interpolare la scala da “studioso” esterno al sistema di riferimento alla scala di abitante del luogo. Attraverso una metodologia sensibile alla multidisciplinarietà dei temi (es. digitalizzazione, transizione verde, infrastrutture, ecc.) e soprattutto alla multiscalarità specifica dei contesti e alle dinamiche comunitarie, si propone un’indagine sui possibili processi rigenerativi derivanti dalla sintesi di tre approcci progettuali rilevanti e dalle transizioni fisiche e tematiche che essi implicano: 1. Analitico-sintetico: in cui la transizione è intesa come una lettura in cambiamenti di scala; 2. Partecipativo: in cui la transizione è fisica, dal momento di studio al lavoro sul campo; 3. Antropologico-etnografico: transizione come sintesi dei primi due approcci. Se è vero che il divario tra territori urbanizzati e territori marginali continua a persistere, è altrettanto evidente che questi ultimi non siano più considerati solo come un problema ma anche come un'opportunità per il futuro: ciò rappresenta una «inversione dello sguardo critico», anch’essa in qualche modo “transitoria”, che mira ad eliminare barriere culturali e sociali per generare una visione empatica delle trasformazioni ambientali, permettendo di immaginare processi di coabitazione sensibili ai temi della co-evoluzione e della co-esistenza tra natura e uomo. La transizione di questi temi all’interno di un’esperienza didattica correlata alla ricerca qui presentata, da un lato costituisce una verifica dei risvolti progettuali che questi approcci metodologici implicano, dall’altro offre una possibilità di lavoro sul campo en plein air, sempre più necessario dopo le costrizioni del periodo pandemico

Co-evolution between space, nature, and society. The Milanese fringes: Porto di Mare as a case study

Il contributo presenta i risultati di una ricerca orientata al progetto sul tema della coevoluzione fra spazio, natura e società, concentrandosi su una frangia urbana di Milano in cui le attività umane e il capitale naturale co-esistono senza dialogo. Il progetto assume così il framework del New European Bauhaus, interpretandone la spazializzazione delle istanze proposte, cercando di restituire le ricadute fisiche di una trasformazione che tende a processi di co-evoluzione. L’esito della ricerca è la promozione di azioni progettuali atte ad un prototipo di paesaggio resiliente, connettendo le attività produttive al capitale naturale e sociale, attraverso l’uso di soluzioni circolari e nature-based. Quindi, si pone attenzione su configurazioni spaziali che hanno l’obiettivo di incrementare la biodiversità nell’insediamento umano, attraverso la progettazione di corridoi ecologici, e all’inclusività, nel ridisegno degli ex impianti industriali e degli habitat delle comunità locali.The contribution presents the results of a design driven research about the topic of co-evolution between space, nature and society, focusing on a Milanese fringe, in which human activities and natural capital co-exist with no dialogue. The project assumes the new European Bauhaus as a framework, reflecting upon the spatialization of theoretical instances aimed at the physical impacts of a co-evolutionary transformation. The output of the research is the promotion of design actions for a resilient landscape prototype, linking productive activities to natural and social capital, through circular and Nature-based solutions. Thus, attention is given to spatial configurations that aim to increase biodiversity in human settlement, through the design of ecological corridors, and to inclusiveness, in the redesign of former industrial facilities and local community habitats

CITY SIDES

economia circolare, agriculture, food policy, sostenibilità sociale, cambiamento climatic