Versprühbare kühlende Zusammensetzung und Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen dieser Zusammensetzung

Es wird eine versprühbare Zusammensetzung zum Kühlen von menschlichem Gewebe offenbart. Die Zusammensetzung umfasst eine Dispersion aus einem flüssigen Treibmittel mit einem Siedepunkt im Bereich von -45 °C bis +37 °C und einem in dem Treibmittel dispergierten Kälteträgermaterial mit einem Schmelzpunkt im Bereich von -10 °C bis +30 °C. Der Kühleffekt beruht auch darauf, dass nach dem Auftragen auf das Gewebe das Kälteträgermaterial zu schmelzen beginnt

Verfahren zur Abtrennung fluorierter organischer Verbindungen aus kontaminierten Fluiden und hierfür verwendetes Adsorbens-Kit

The invention relates to a method for removing fluorinated organic compounds from contaminated fluids by means of a kit that comprises a first and a second adsorbent component, or only by means of the first adsorbent component alone. First, the first and optionally the second adsorbent component are provided. The second adsorbent component is a solid adsorbent; the first adsorbent component is a chemical compound that contains a lipophilic group and a hydrophilic group, or contains such a compound in dissolved form, wherein the hydrophilic group contains at least one cationic group and wherein the lipophilic group is selected from alkyl groups that comprise at least one octylene unit, from aryl groups, and from aralkyl groups. Thereafter, the contaminated fluid is brought in contact with the first adsorbent component, and optionally the fluid is also brought in contact with the second adsorbent component. Finally, the adsorbent component(s) are removed from the fluid together with the adsorbed fluorinated organic compounds. The invention further relates to the kit required for said method

Environmental Assessment of Various End-of-Life Pathways for Treating Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Spent Fire-Extinguishing Waters

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are now thought to be far more prevalent in water bodies across the globe than previously reported. In particular, military bases, airports, and industrial sites are prone to contamination caused by runoff discharges from fire-extinguishing waters that contain PFAS such as aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF). These substances and their metabolites show a high degree of mobility as well as a low biotic and abiotic degradability; as a result, they are bioaccumulative and often migrate among the environmental compartments in addition to being toxic. As of now, there is no suitable end-of-life treatment process that is both technologically efficient and cost-effective for the handling of PFAS. Currently, the incineration of the collected extinguishing water at temperatures above 1100 °C is the recommended method for the disposal of PFAS to degrade material compounds. However, this method consumes extensive energy because it requires incineration of large quantities of water to treat a diluted fraction of PFAS. Aside from incineration, adsorption of PFAS on granulated activated carbon is one of the most widely used technologies, albeit with poor adsorption and often requiring very large downstream filtration systems. Finally, the application of functional precipitation agents using commercially available cationic surfactants is a novel approach (PerfluorAd® [Cornelsen] process) that enables the effective precipitation of PFAS from the spent fire-extinguishing waters. Hence, the goal of the present study was to investigate the environmental impacts emanating from the proper treatment of spent fire-extinguishing water with the aforementioned 3 end-of-life treatment scenarios. A life cycle assessment was conducted for this purpose. The results show that the PerfluorAd process outperforms the other 2 treatment technologies across all environmental impact categories except for ozone depletion. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;00:1–11. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC

Experimental study on the influence of hydrogel on CO2 hydrate formation

The influence of two differently cross-linked polyacrylate particles on CO2 hydrate formation was investigated. A series of up-scaling experiments from small (high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry, HP-DSC) over medium (glass reactor) to large scale (HP-reactor) was carried out. It was found out that there is a low influence on the induction time, which is an essential key parameter of the hydrate formation. The results show the same trends: with a low degree of cross-linker used in low concentration CO2 hydrate formation could be enhanced

Thermal storage by thermoreversible chemical reaction systems

Recent research work on the development of smart pumpable materials for thermal storage at temperatures below 200 °C will be presented. Currently two different systems being analyzed: additive enhanced CO2-hydrates for climate and cooling purposes and neutralization reactions of organic acids with nitrogen bases for waste heat utilization. CO2-hydrate formation and growth are studied while using hydrogel additives of different morphological structure. In particular hydrogels with a low content of cross- linker significantly promotes the hydrate formation. Several combinations of organic acids and bases are tested in mixing experiments and show that high energy densities can be obtained by these neutralization reactions in liquid systems. Special emphasis is put on the option of long-term-storage of heat. This possibility is demonstrated by distilling off the acid component for the reference reaction system trioctylamine and acetic acid