Cortical regions with a significant increase in 7 Tesla T2* in CADASIL patients compared to age and sex matched healthy subjects from the GLM analysis.

<p>Cortical thickness measurements in these regions of interest (ROI) are also reported.</p>1<p>max uncorrected p-value in the cluster, p_right >0.003, p_left >0.001 (False discovery rate = 0.05);</p>2<p>cluster area >50 mm²;</p>3<p>adjusted for age, gender and level of education (p-value obtained at the cluster level).</p><p>Cortical regions with a significant increase in 7 Tesla T2* in CADASIL patients compared to age and sex matched healthy subjects from the GLM analysis.</p

Tract-specific abnormalities in patients with limb onset vs. controls.

<p>Tract-specific abnormalities in patients with limb onset vs. controls.</p

Characteristics of CADASIL patients and control subjects.

<p>MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination, BPF: Brain Parenchymal Fraction, ^†in patients with such lesions (number given in parentheses).</p><p>NA: not applicable.</p><p>Characteristics of CADASIL patients and control subjects.</p

Image processing pipeline for surface-based intra-subject and inter-subject registration.

<p><b>1.</b> Original 7 Tesla T2*-weighted blocks (axial image of a CADASIL patient is shown for example) are concatenated. <b>2.</b> Reconstructed volume is registered to the 3 Tesla T₁-weighted image to produce an initial alignment. <b>3.</b> Each 7 Tesla block is then registered to the 3 Tesla image using the boundary-based registration algorithm initialized with the latter transformation. All blocks are combined to get a whole-brain 7 Tesla T2* reconstructed volume. <b>4.</b> Pre-processing include signal normalization by the first echo time image intensity, correction for intensity inhomogeneity and exclusion of null points corresponding to voids between blocks. <b>5.</b> 7 Tesla normalized T2* signal is mapped onto each individual’s cortical surface at the midline of the cortical ribbon to study cortical signal alterations. <b>6.</b> Each surface is smoothed and registered to a common template.</p

Tract-specific abnormalities in patients with bulbar onset vs. controls.

<p>Tract-specific abnormalities in patients with bulbar onset vs. controls.</p

Group analysis results of quantitative MRI in 18 WM tracts for whole cohort.

<p>Provided are T- or Z-values.</p

Tractography of a single ALS patient obtained by TRACULA with tract description.

<p>Shown are side- (F for front, B for back), front- and top- (R for right, L for left) as well as 3D views.</p

Tract processing pipeline.

<p>Based on the diffusion and T₁ weighted scans, 18 WM tracts were reconstructed by TRACULA. Probability distribution maps of all tracts were reduced and binarized at 20% of their maximum value and then transformed into MTR and R₂* Map space via registration-matrix (obtained by TRACULA) and rigid body registration. To prevent transformed tracts penetrating undesired regions, a conservative approach was deployed by applying a threshold of 90% of their maximum value.</p

Functional connectivity (FC) in relation to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in healthy controls (A) and MS patients (B) in periods of relative rest.

<p>MS patients (compared to controls) demonstrated increased FC to the right postcentral gyrus, the left angular gyrus and the left posterior cingulated cortex (C) (Images shown in coronal, sagittal, and axial orientation in neurological convention).</p

Brain areas showing positive (A) and (B) negative correlation between functional connectivity in relation to the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test performance (SDMT, part of the BRB-N) in MS patients.

<p>(Images shown in axial, sagittal and coronal orientation in neurological convention).</p