“Reichsbündler”, “Marienkinder“ and Country Lads: Political Catholicism and Village Youth between the Two World Wars

The article deals with the emergence of Catholic organisations destined for young village people in the context of the development of the political camps (Lager). As a field of research a 900-person village in the northeast of Lower Austria has been chosen. Besides the discussion concerning the origins of political Catholicism in local contexts, the main part of the article addresses the analysis of purposes and functions of these new church associations for young village people. The organisations were split according to gender. Male juveniles joined the Reichsbund of the Catholic-German Youth (Reichsbund der katholisch-deutschen Jugend), girls attended the Marian Congregation of Virgins (Marianische Jungfrauenkongregation). Moreover, there were also traditional associations of the rural village youth related with them. The examination focuses on the attempts of establishing new symbolic orders for the village youth on the one hand. On the other hand, it deals with the construction and fixing of community designs by the local youth.The article deals with the emergence of Catholic organisations destined for young village people in the context of the development of the political camps (Lager). As a field of research a 900-person village in the northeast of Lower Austria has been chosen. Besides the discussion concerning the origins of political Catholicism in local contexts, the main part of the article addresses the analysis of purposes and functions of these new church associations for young village people. The organisations were split according to gender. Male juveniles joined the Reichsbund of the Catholic-German Youth (Reichsbund der katholisch-deutschen Jugend), girls attended the Marian Congregation of Virgins (Marianische Jungfrauenkongregation). Moreover, there were also traditional associations of the rural village youth related with them. The examination focuses on the attempts of establishing new symbolic orders for the village youth on the one hand. On the other hand, it deals with the construction and fixing of community designs by the local youth

The Upper and the Lower Village: A Case Study of Local Politics in Lower Austria between Monarchy and Communal Reform, 1900–1960

The article focuses on the ‘exceptional normal’ (E. Grendi). In the small rural village Münichsthal a rivalry between two socially, ethnically and ideologically similar groups subsisted. This rivalry shaped village politics for generations. At first glance, the only difference between the two groups seemed to be the local district, respectively the neighbourhood. Starting with this local conflict, the article focuses on aspects of village politics. The article discusses the following questions: Who were the actors of village politics? How were these and other groups constituted? How did party politics interfere with local realities? How did the village respond to these interventions ‘from outside’ and ‘from above’ and, vice versa, how did the larger political apparatus deal with regional and local Eigensinn (Alf Lüdtke), especially during the crisis of 1918, 1934, 1938 and 1945? How did village politics transform over time?The article focuses on the ‘exceptional normal’ (E. Grendi). In the small rural village Münichsthal a rivalry between two socially, ethnically and ideologically similar groups subsisted. This rivalry shaped village politics for generations. At first glance, the only difference between the two groups seemed to be the local district, respectively the neighbourhood. Starting with this local conflict, the article focuses on aspects of village politics. The article discusses the following questions: Who were the actors of village politics? How were these and other groups constituted? How did party politics interfere with local realities? How did the village respond to these interventions ‘from outside’ and ‘from above’ and, vice versa, how did the larger political apparatus deal with regional and local Eigensinn (Alf Lüdtke), especially during the crisis of 1918, 1934, 1938 and 1945? How did village politics transform over time

‘Entjudete’ Estates: ‘Aryanization’ in Agriculture and Forestry in Niederdonau

The article deals with a topic which was nearly ignored in Austria until now. ‘Aryanization’ in agriculture and forestry remained unfinished in Niederdonau as well as in Germany. Not even 60 percent of the agricultural property of Jews was transferred completely to ‘aryan’ ownership. ‘Aryanization’ in agriculture and forestry was based on a variety of laws, decrees, prescriptions and regulations. A great number of individuals, organisations, authorities and offices were involved in this withdrawal of assets. The investigation presents key figures and significant offices in the context of ‘aryanization’ of these sectors of economy. Main questions of the article concern speed and extent of ‘aryanization’ in agriculture and forestry as well as collisions of interests between the different persons involved. Above that the investigation discusses issues of prices and utilization of withdrew Jewish property.The article deals with a topic which was nearly ignored in Austria until now. ‘Aryanization’ in agriculture and forestry remained unfinished in Niederdonau as well as in Germany. Not even 60 percent of the agricultural property of Jews was transferred completely to ‘aryan’ ownership. ‘Aryanization’ in agriculture and forestry was based on a variety of laws, decrees, prescriptions and regulations. A great number of individuals, organisations, authorities and offices were involved in this withdrawal of assets. The investigation presents key figures and significant offices in the context of ‘aryanization’ of these sectors of economy. Main questions of the article concern speed and extent of ‘aryanization’ in agriculture and forestry as well as collisions of interests between the different persons involved. Above that the investigation discusses issues of prices and utilization of withdrew Jewish property

Intermittent Pringle maneuver may be beneficial for radiofrequency ablations in situations with tumor-vessel proximity

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) represents a treatment option for non-resectable liver malignancies. Larger ablations can be achieved with a temporary hepatic inflow occlusion (Pringle maneuver – PM). However, a PM can induce dehydration and carbonization of the target tissue. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an intermittent PM on the ablation size