Geological 3D Analyses of Tunnel Faces with Software and Hardware tools of DIBIT

The measurement and visualization of tunnel structures is the main competence of Dibit Messtechnik GmbH (Innsbruck, Austria). As the inventor of modern 3D tunnel surveying at the end of the 1990s, Dibit is a leader in global surveying projects and develops innovative software and hardware tools for geological applications in tunnelling. In tunnel construction, the trend is towards the comprehensive, digital 3D recording and mapping of tunnel faces, especially to measure and quantify geological structures, and to document geological conditions. This must be done under the pressure of time and the harsh conditions of progressive mining and result in objective, reproducible data. On the one hand, these data should permit a standardized assessment of the rock conditions and on the other hand they should be analysed, archived and virtually viewed in a digital workflow. At the 2nd tube of the Perjentunnel at the S16 Arlberg Expressway ILF Consulting Engineers has been responsible for the geologic documentation and Dibit for the geotechnical measurements. For described reasons Dibit has developed a geological 3D recording and analysis system, which is unique in this form. The system has been supported and tested by ILF during the excavation works in 2018. It consists of three main components: 1) Photogrammetric 3D recording unit Handheld : With this compact and robust device, the tunnel face is recorded or measured in just two minutes (Figure 1). 2) Geological annotation software geological tool : The software is used on a tablet computer in-situ for the geological assessment of the tunnel face. The recorded lithologies, microstructure measurements and rock characterization are incorporated into the processing of the 3D model (Figure 2) 3) 3D analysis software Dibit : With the software, the 3D reconstruction of the tunnel face and the further analysis of structural, rock and geometric features is done. With the system, geological investigations of tunnelling can be carried out very quickly, economically and comprehensibly. The photorealistic 3D models enable the identification and analysis of relevant geological features in a virtual environment. 3D measurement data (microstructure, exposure, area measurements, point annotations, etc.) can be managed in a structured way in the database Dibit-TIS (tunnel information system) and statistically evaluated. An export to common BIM and CAD programs is possible. Furthermore, on the basis of the geometry measurements, profile characteristics of the outbreak, such as over and under profiles are determined. Based on a reference geometry, or on subsequent 3D measurements, it is possible to calculate the volume of shotcrete and other installations. Thus, the geometric-thematic data provide valuable information for the construction and later maintenance of tunnel structures. After the initial phase at the Perjentunnel the system is now used at different lots of the Brenner Base Tunnel and for the 2nd tube of the Karawankentunnel between Slovenia and Austria

Ernährung im globalen Kontext

Das Hauptaugenmerk dieser Arbeit liegt darin, dass Essverhalten der in Österreich lebenden Menschen, Mitteleuropäer, aber auch ansatzweise außerhalb von Europa lebenden Menschen, mit deren kulturenllen und sozialen Ernährungsgewohnheiten, und mit ihren Hintergründen zu beleuchten. Völkervergleichende Studien, historische Bezüge zeigen einen Wandel von Essgewohnheiten, die in dieser Arbeit von grundlegender Bedeutung sind. Der Verfasser der Diplomarbeit konzentriert sich ebenso auf Speiserituale, Nahrungstabus, Tischsitten, sowie Ernährungsverhalten von Österreicher in den letzten Jahrzehnten und auf zukünftige Ernährungstrends

3D Tunnel Inspection with Photogrammetric and Hybrid Systems

The trend in tunnel assessment is towards comprehensive 3D measurement, either based on high quality digital imagery (photogrammetric systems) or the combination of laser and photo systems (hybrid systems). With digital 3D data, quantification and categorization of damage to the tunnel surface as well as the determination of thickness or volumes of layers (e.g. shotcrete) can performed in a comprehensive, fast and economic way. The faster such tunnel assessment can be executed on site, the lower are the tunnel block times and environmental impairments related to the building measures. The costs for the operating companies can be significantly reduced as well as the personnel efforts and risks of accidents. Furthermore, tunnel safety is increased due to faster test cycles which result in a more comprehensive overall monitoring. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Experiments with oenological methods to increase the spicy aroma in Austrian Grüner Veltliner wines

Grüner Veltliner is Austria's most important grape variety, accounting for 32.5% of the vineyard area (a total of around 14,500 ha). There is a noticeable trend with this variety away from fresh, fruity wines towards more spicy, single-vineyard wines. This is especially true for export-oriented producers. The aim of this scientific study is to test oenological methods for increasing the leading substance of the spicy aroma, the sesquiterpene rotundone and to sensory evaluate the wines. The methods skin contact, full and partial fermentation on the skins, addition of whole grapes and or leaves were tested in two independent experimental designs. The wines were analysed using a SPE-SPME-GC-TQMS method. The "retro-tratitional methods" of winemaking mentioned in the article can enhance the spiciness of the wines to a certain degree. Especially the addition of whole grapes as well as partial maceration gave the best results here. The increase in spiciness was observed both sensorially and analytically, as evidenced by higher rotundone contents. However, in summary, it must be stated that the results indicate that an exclusive analysis of rotundone, without the inclusion of phenols and other volatile substances, cannot contribute to a full understanding of the matter, which is based on the interaction of many components. Further analysis both sensory and analytical involving many volatile compounds and phenols are therefore absolutely necessary

Peripheral Ventricular Assist Devices in Interventional Cardiology: The Impella® Micro-Axial Pump

Coronary artery disease (CAD) presents an ever-growing burden on health systems especially in the Western world. While percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is feasible in increasingly complex CAD, certain patient groups possess a high risk for major cardiac adverse events (MACE) during PCI. Poor outcome is associated with significantly depressed left ventricular function, complexity of relevant lesions, and increasing incidence of pre-existing cerebrovascular comorbidities and poor pre-interventional status. However, these risk factors also translate into a high peri-operative risk for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rendering some of these patients inoperable. Peripheral ventricular assist devices (pVADs) are temporarily inserted axial or centrifugal pumps that support ventricular output during PCI. The Impella® micro-axial device (Abiomed, Danvers, Massachusetts, USA) is an easily implantable pVAD that may improve patient outcome during PCI in high-risk patients (termed “protected PCI”) and in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). pVADs in general and the Impella® system in particular play important roles in interventional cardiology and its indications and use will likely expand in the future. This chapter outlines in detail the indications, applications, and future trends concerning the Impella® system. Practical advice is given on the correct implantation of the device