Directory of Water Related Courses Offered at Colleges and Universities in Arkansas as of November 1998

This publication lists the water and water-related courses at several universities and colleges in Arkansas as reported during the Fall of 1 998. It is anticipated that users of this directory will extend beyond college students, and will include professionals seeking continuing education, and professors desiring to exchange Information on courses. This directory is not an absolute source of water and water-related courses because all of the higher learning Institutions In Arkansas are not listed, and, secondly, because the definition of water and water-related varies from institution to institution. None-the-less this directory provides a very valuable and impressive reference on water resources courses. Users must remember that course offerings, titles, and content change; therefore, one must contact the department to confirm details about each course. We are very grateful to the many people, too numerous to list, who have cooperated in gathering the Information In this second edition of the directory

Arkansas Water Resources Research Center Pamphlet

Arkansas Water Resources Center (AWRC) works closely with state and federal agencies and academic institutions. Priority research categories are: surface water analysis, ground water pollution, surface and ground water quality/quanity, and water resource management

Implications of Hydrocarbon and Helium Gas Analyses of Springs from the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas

One hundred and three ground water samples (predominantly springs) were analyzed for headspace light hydrocarbon gases and helium. Four of the formations (Arkansas Novaculite, Bigfork Chert, Stanley Shale, and Womble) having the highest mean methane values are the only Ouachita Mountain facies to produce petroleum or exhibit marginally commercial production. This observation suggests that the mean methane values are useful as an indication of the relative hydrocarbon content of these formations Anomalous helium values are generally associated with mapped faults

Land use Effects on Ground Water Quality in Carbonate Rock Terrain

A control site with a natural setting and an experimental site with significant agriculture land use were studied in the Ozark Region of Arkansas in order to determine the effect of land use on water quality in a carbonate rock terrain. The vast majority of the two sites have the Boone Limestone exposed which combined with the underlying St. Joe is the major aquifer for drinking water in the area. The sites also are similar in terms of lineament patterns (number, length and orientation), soil, slope and vegetation. Ground water samples were collected primarily from springs during three seasons (late summer-early fall, winter and spring). All three seasonal collections exhibited statistically higher NO3 (2.31 versus 0.81 mg/L) and Cl (9.9 versus 2.7 mg/L) concentrations in the experimental site. During the winter and spring collections, the experimental site also exhibited statistically higher concentrations (0.5 to 3x) of PO4, SO4, Na, K and Ca. Heavy metals were analyzed in the winter samples; however, the differences between the two sites were small because the absolute values for the two sites were low. For example, the largest difference for a heavy metal was 19 μg/L for Mn (12 versus 31 μg/L). Bacteria determined from the spring season samples showed that the experimental site had significantly higher counts of fecal coliform (86 versus 0.4 col - onies/100 mL) and fecal Streptococcus (39 versus 3 colonies/100 mL) types than the control site. Three springs were also sampled periodically following a rain event of 10 cm. Whereas, levels of specific conductance, NO3, Ca and Na decreased in all three springs, PO4, K, SO4 and fecal coliform increased significantly, primarily in the two experimental springs. The increase of these parameters indicates that they are more available in the experimental area. Based on these results and elemental correlations, it appears that cattle manure, the spreading of chicken manure and commercial fertilizers, and septic tank effluent, individually or in combination, are affecting the water quality of the experimental site. However, most of the ground water samples meet EPA drinking water standards with the possible exception of bacteria

Chemistry of the Spring Waters of the Ouachita Mountains Excluding Hot Springs, Arkansas

This report is based on the chemical analysis of the waters from 93 springs and 9 wells. Springs, when free from metal plumbing, provide an uncontaminated source of the ground water and it was desired to obtain water uncontaminated with metals. A few wells were added to the list, usually because of their unique location in the sampling grid

Mercury Content of Waters in the Midcontinent Region

Two major areas of the midcontinent region were investigated for their aqueous mercury concentrations. Sixteen surface water and 17 ground water samples were collected in an eleven county area of N.W. Arkansas, S.W. Missouri and N.E. Oklahoma (Ozark area) and analyzed for total dissolved mercury by the flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The range (\u3c0.2 to 0.8 ppb), the mean (0.4 ppb) and the median (0.4 ppb) are the same for both ground water and surface water. Values obtained for the Ozark area are slightly greater than those reported for surface water by others (about 0.1 ppb), but are well within the range reported for surface waters (0.1 to 17.0 ppb). The range for 102 ground water samples from the Ouachita Mountain area is \u3c0.1 to 2.3 ppb, the mean 0.3 ppb and the median 0.1 ppb. Thus, the mercury values for this area are similar to those of the Ozark area except fora higher upper range. The mercury mineralization (cinnabar) in the southern part of the Ouachita Mountain area, in part, is the cause of the higher values. Only two samples (2.1 and 2.3 ppb), both from the Ouachita Mountain area, exceed the EPA drinking water limits of 2 ppb mercury in the western Arkansas region

Nutrients and Acid in the Rain and Dry Fallout at Fayetteville, Arkansas (1980-1982)

Wet and dry fallout at Fayetteville, Arkansas have been collected separately and analyzed since April, 1980. The precipitation-weighted-average pH for two yearly periods of rainfall were 4.72 (6/80-5/81) and 4.75 (6/81-5/82). This corresponds to a concentration of the acid ion, H+, of about 18 parts per billion (ppb). Pure water in equilibrium with the CO2 of the air would have a pH of 5.65 (2.2 ppb of H+). The range of pH during this two year period was 3.86-7.74(140-0 ppb H+) for the rainfall. Aqueous extracts of the dry fallout were always in the 6.75-7.87 pH range, i.e., neutral to slightly alkaline. The slight amount of acidity in the Fayetteville rainfall should be easily neutralized by dry fallout and soil. Ammonium bisulfate, NH4HSO4, is the major acidic chemical in the rains. Sulfur tends to increase in winter months presumably due to the greater use of fossil fuels. Northern rains have the most acidity. Wet and dry fallout add significant amounts of nutrients to the local soils with 25-87% of the total flux being dry fallout. A. major contributor are dust storms which bring in soil from adjacent states. Iron and zinc were the most prevalent heavy metals in the wet fallout. Their concentrations were very low averaging less than 10 ppb for Fe and 15 ppb for Zn. Northernly and southernly rains had the most Fe and Zn and correspond to directions in which there are smelters