Gateway Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) Requirements

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is essential to the success of any vehicle design that incorporates a complex assortment of electronic, electrical, and electromechanical systems and sub-systems that is expected to meet operational and performance requirements while exposed to a changing set of electromagnetic environments composed of both man-made and naturally occurring threats. The combined aspects of these environments are known as Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3). The attainment of EMC is accomplished through the application of sound engineering principles and practices that enable a complex vehicle or vehicles to operate successfully when exposed to the effects of its expected and/or specified electromagnetic environments

Bridging the Gender Gap in Quantum Physics

Why is it important to study the gender gap in physics? Despite entering the workforce in increasing numbers over the last fifty years, women remain severely underrepresented in science and technology-related careers, particularly in positions of authority. Simultaneously, numerous studies verify that women have the ability to perform as well as – or better than – males in physics, and, when presented in certain lights, as many women as men show an interest in physics. Changes must be made in order to strive for equality and, given the changing demographic of the workforce, increase our country’s diminishing scientific prowess

Gateway Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics of Subsystems and Equipment

This document is a tailored version of MIL-STD-461, Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics of Subsystems and Equipment, for the Gateway Program. While many of the requirements contained herein correspond with a MIL-STD-461 requirement, some are unique to the Gateway Program in order to meet the specific needs of the program. Nearly all limits are tailored specifically for Gateway elements, systems, and subsystems

A Comparative Study of Numerical Versus Analytical Waverider Solutions

The WL/FIMM explicit, Roe flux-splitting Euler algorithm is applied to the inviscid hypersonic flow over a parabolic-top waverider configuration optimized for Mach 10 at zero degrees angle of attack. An on-design grid refinement study is conducted to determine the asymptotic nature of the optimized flight parameter L/D. A parametric study of off-design conditions is conducted to determine flow perturbation effects on HSDT waverider theory. A validation of the Euler code is conducted through a comparison of the numerical data to analytical results derived by Rasmussen. The grid refinement study shows little effect on the inviscid calculation of the optimized parameter L/D. Good agreement with HSDT waverider theory was attained for the on and off-design evaluations. Approximations involved in the numerical modeling of the waverider design produce large losses of lift as compared to the analytical results. Matching of the analytical results was possible only through a theoretical modeling process

Identification, Exploitation and Manipulation of BRCA1-Dependent DNA Double-Strand Break and Interstrand Crosslink Repair in Breast and Ovarian Cancer Therapy

Expression of functional breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) in human cancers is associated with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapeutics and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. BRCA1 is a nuclear phosphoprotein with broad tumor suppressor activities that, among other functions, is critical for resolving double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) and interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) by homologous recombination (HR). In vitro, animal and human clinical data have demonstrated that BRCA1-deficient cancers are highly sensitive to ICL-inducing alkylative chemotherapeutic agents, are amenable to synthetic lethal approaches which exploit defects in DSB/ICL repair (e.g., PARP inhibitors), and are generally associated with more favorable responses to anti-neoplastic therapy and improved survival. Conversely, high expression of wild-type BRCA1 in a number of cancers, as well as frame-restoring intragenic mutations in BRCA1 mutant ovarian cancers, is associated with therapeutic resistance and poor prognosis. Accordingly, there has been much interest in identifying, exploiting and manipulating DSB/ICL repair capacity to restore or enhance sensitivity to cancer therapeutics. In this study, we demonstrate that the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG (Tanespimycin)), which is currently in Phase II/III clinical evaluation, induces BRCA1 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in numerous in vitro models. Mechanistically, we show that loss of HSP90 function completely abolishes both homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining of DSBs, that BRCA1-deficient cells are hypersensitive to 17-AAG due to enhanced replication stress and aberrant entry into mitosis, and that 17-AAG can reverse BRCA1-dependent repair-mediated resistance. Additionally, we assessed the role of BRCA1 promoter methylation in sporadic triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) and identify a novel biomarker for poor response to anthracycline regimens in human patients. In summary, we document a novel upstream HSP90-dependent regulatory point in the Fanconi anemia/BRCA DSB/ICL repair pathway, illuminate the role of BRCA1 in regulating damage-associated checkpoint and replication responses to HSP90 inhibitors, specifically identify BRCA1 as a novel, clinically relevant target for enhancing radio- and chemosensitivity in refractory and/or resistant malignancies, and identify a useful biomarker for studies of therapeutic sensitivity in human TNBCs

Developing a Strategic Plan for NASA JSC's Technology Investments

Human space exploration has always been heavily influenced by goals to achieve a specific mission on a specific schedule. This approach drove rapid technology development, the rapidity of which adds risks as well as provides a major driver for costs. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is now approaching the extension of human presence throughout the solar system by balancing a proactive yet less schedule-driven development of technology with opportunistic scheduling of missions as the needed technologies are realized. This approach should provide cost effective, low risk technology development that will enable efficient and effective manned spaceflight missions. As a first step, the NASA Human Spaceflight Architecture Team (HAT) has identified a suite of critical technologies needed to support future manned missions across a range of destinations, including in cislunar space, near earth asteroid visits, lunar exploration, Mars space, and Mars exploration. The challenge now is to develop a strategy and plan for technology development that efficiently enables these missions over a reasonable time period, without increasing technology development costs unnecessarily due to schedule pressure, and subsequently mitigating development and mission risks. NASA fs Johnson Space Center (JSC), as the nation's primary center for human exploration, is addressing this challenge through an innovative approach allocating Internal Research and Development funding to projects that have been prioritized using four focus criteria, with appropriate importance weighting. These four focus criteria are the Human Space Flight Technology Needs, JSC Core Technology Competencies, Commercialization Potential, and Partnership Potential. The inherent coupling in these focus criteria have been captured in a database and have provided an initial prioritization for allocation of technology development research funding. This paper will describe this process and this database, and the preliminary technology development prioritization results

Summary DSG-RQMT-004, Gateway Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) Requirements Document, Initial Baseline

The Baseline Readiness Review presentation for DSG-RQMT-004 at a high level summarizes the differences between the originating standards (publicly available) and the Gateway-tailored standards (publicly available per DAA 72653). All data in the presentations are either derived from either MIL-STD-461G, SSP 30237, or SL-E-002 (Shuttle EMI spec). The Baseline Readiness Review presentation identifies why a tailored standard was necessary for Gateway (summarizes the changes made from the originating standard). Communicating this information should lead to IP and vendor Level 3 responders proposing substitute standards more in line with the Gateway requirements

Summary DSG-RQMT-007, Initial Baseline

The Baseline Readiness Review presentations for DSG-RQMT-007 at a high level summarizes the differences between the originating standards (publicly available) and the Gateway-tailored standards (publicly available per DAA 72653). All data in the presentations are either derived from either MIL-STD-461G, SSP 30237, or SL-E-002 (Shuttle EMI spec). The Baseline Readiness Review presentation identifies why a tailored standard was necessary for Gateway (summarizes the changes made from the originating standard). Communicating this information should lead to IP and vendor Level 3 responders proposing substitute standards more in line with the Gateway requirements