DEBESŲ SUTARČIŲ KVALIFIKAVIMAS

Legal qualification of cloud contracts is increasingly becoming one of the questions analysed as part of different studies, scientific research, or legislative initiatives. Depending on the type of cloud contract, sometimes cloud contracts are proposed to be qualified as a lease, in other cases as a service contracts. Cloud service providers sometimes define their services as grant of a license. This article aims to verify the proposals on qualification of cloud contracts, first describing the characteristics of cloud contracts and then analysing their conformance to the qualifying features of different types of regulated contracts.Debesų sutarčių teisinis kvalifikavimas vis dažniau tampa įvairių studijų, mokslinių tyrimų ar teisėkūros iniciatyvų vienu iš nagrinėtinų klausimų. Atsižvelgiant į debesų sutarties tipą, kartais debesų sutartį siūloma kvalifikuoti kaip nuomos, kitais atvejais kaip paslaugų sutartį. Debesų paslaugų teikėjai savo teikiamą paslaugą įvardija ir kaip licencijos suteikimą. Šiame straipsnyje siekiama įvertinti siūlymus dėl debesų sutarčių kvalifikavimo, pirmiausia, apibūdinant debesų sutarčių požymius, ir analizuojant jų atitiktį tam tikrų įstatymų reglamentuotų rūšių sutarčių kvalifikuojantiems požymiams

LAIKMENŲ PATVARUMAS PAGAL EUROPOS SĄJUNGOS IR LIETUVOS TEISĘ

In recent decades, there was an increase in formalism in contract law, where additional requirements for form of agreement or for information provided were introduced, especially in the area of consumer law. Therefore, analysis of such new legal requirements, their trends, and application practice becomes relevant. Historical analysis of legislature confirms that “durable medium” requirement was established in EU law in order to ensure that consumers remain able to rely in the future on the information received via instantaneous electronic communication technologies. The primary and only element and requirement of “durable medium” was persistency (durability) of the information. In later legislative initiatives “durable medium” definition was changed by supplementing it with example list of media; however, such casuistic approach turned out to be in contrast to the changing technological environment. Therefore, the newest legal sources rightly do not contain such lists any more. The case law interprets “durable medium” too formalistically and by introducing such additional safety requirements, which were not foreseen in the legal instruments and were not intended by the legislator.Pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais sutarčių teisėje stiprėja formalizmas, nustatant papildomus reikalavimus sutarties formai arba pagal sutartį teikiamai informacijai, ypač vartotojų teisių srityje. Patvariosios laikmenos reikalavimas buvo nustatytas siekiant užtikrinti, kad sutartims sudaryti naudojamos naujosios momentinio ryšio technologijos neapsunkintų vartotojo padėties ir leistų jam ateityje remtis elektroniniais ryšiais gauta informacija. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip įstatymų leidyboje keitėsi patvariosios laikmenos sąvoka, kritikuojama teismų praktika, kurioje šios naujosios taisyklės buvo interpretuojamos ir taikomos

Good faith principle in Lithuanian contract law

Examples from Lithuanian judicial practice show that the role of the good faith principle and its functions are not properly perceived, and Lithuanian legal doctrine does not give it enough attention. Comparative and historical analysis shows that good faith principle was a tool allowing the courts to correct and develop the law when necessary in those states where the private law is codified. Such role of the good faith principle should be emphasised in its application, which requires the courts to clearly justify why in a concrete case there is a need to resolve a factual situation differently than prescribed by existing law, or why a concrete factual situation needs a new solution, and why the chosen corrective or supplementing decision is most appropriate and just. Taking that into account, the good faith principle should be developed by defining those values which would justify modification of written law when it is necessary in concrete situations. For these purposes the main elements of the good faith principle are the doctrines of abuse of rights and inconsistent behaviour

Favor contractus principle in the contract law of Lithuania

The emphasis in modern contract law is placed on general standards of good faith, fair dealing, reasonableness, rather than on concrete rules. The favour contractus principle is also among those general ideas. The Principle is an underlying idea of the UN Vienna Convention on International Sale of Goods as well as UNIDROIT principles of International Commercial Contracts. The later were extensively transposed into Lithuanian Civil Code, which leaves no doubt about the existence of favour contractus principle in Lithuanian contract law. Making conclusion of the contract not dependent on formalised requirements, limitation of possibilities to avoid the contract, and keeping the contract alive whenever possible instead of termination form the main elements of the favour contractus principle, extending to various institutes of general contract law. However, regulation of initial impossibility, distinction of the type of real contracts is not consistent with the favour contractus principle otherwise established in Lithuanian contract law. In addition, Lithuanian judicial practise ignores the rules of modified acceptance and rules restricting avoidance for mistake, which are inspired by favour contractus principle