Revidirani kvantitativni indeks osjetljivosti na inzulin: povezanost sa metaboličkim statusom krava tijekom rane laktacije

The revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKI) is the most commonly used indicator of insulin resistance in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of metabolic status in cows with different RQUICKI index values during early lactation. The experiment included 40 Holstein-Friesian cows in the first week of lactation. The cows were classified into four groups according to quartile (Q 1 to 4) values of RQUICKI indexes: Q1 = 0.35-0.41 (most insulin resistant), Q2 = 0.42-0.52, Q3 = 0.53-0.67, Q4 = 0.68-0.77 (most insulin sensitive). Metabolic parameters were significantly different in early lactation cows, classified according to the values of the RQUICKI index. The cows that were the most resistant to insulin (Q1) had higher levels of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), cortisol, somatotropic hormone (STH), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA) and body condition score (BCS) in comparison to the cows that were the least resistant to insulin (Q4). The cows also had lower levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, Ca and P as well as a tendency towards lower insulin and glucose concentrations. Metabolic parameters were strongly regressed by RQUICKI in the most insulin resistant cows (Q1) in relation to the cows in the other groups, Q2-4. The cows with a higher number of metabolic abnormalities in their metabolic profiles had lower RQUICKI values: 0.56 ± 0.045 (no abnormalities); 0.52 ± 0.041 (1 abnormality); 0.47 ± 0.042 (2 abnormalities) and 0.4 ± 0.043 (≥3 abnormalities). We concluded that the RQUICKI index could be applied in order to accurately identify metabolic status in cows during early lactation. However, the kinetics of insulin sensitivity should be further studied using more animals per group, as well as in other breeds of cowsRevidirani kvantitativni indeks provjeravanja osjetljivosti na inzulin (RQUICKI) najčešće se koristi kao pokazatelj otpornosti na inzulin u krava. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je ustvrditi karakteristike metaboličkog statusa u krava s različitom vrijednosti RQUICKI indeksa u ranoj laktaciji. Pokus je uključivao 40 krava Holstein-Friesian pasmine. Krave su razvrstane u četiri skupine prema kvartilima (Q 1 do 4) vrijednosti RQUICKI indeksa: Q1 = 0,35-0,41 (najrezistentnije na inzulin), Q2 = 0,42-0,52, Q3 = 0,53-0,67, Q4 = 0,68-0,77 (najosjetljivije na inzulin). Metabolički parametri bili su znakovito različiti u krava u ranoj laktaciji razvrstanima prema vrijednostima RQUICKI indeksa. Krave koje su bile najrezistentnije na inzulin (Q1) imale su i veće razine NEFA, kortizola, STH, BHB, ukupnog bilirubina, AST, MDA i bolju tjelesnu kondiciju u usporedbi s kravama koje su bile najmanje osjetljive na inzulin (Q4). Također, te su krave imale niže koncentracije IGF-I, T3, T4, albumina, kolesterola, triglicerida, Ca i P te sklonost smanjenju koncentracije inzulina i glukoze. U skupini krava koje su najrezistentnije na inzulin (Q1) regresijska analiza je pokazala jaču povezanost između metaboličkih parametara i RQUICKI nego što je to bio slučaj u ostalim skupinama krava (Q2, Q3 i Q4). Krave s većim brojem metaboličkih abnormalnosti profila imale su nižu vrijednost RQUICKI: 0,56 ± 0,045 (bez abnormalnosti); 0,52 ± 0,041 (jedna abnormalnost); 0.47 ± 0.042 (dvije abnormalnosti) i 0.4 ± 0.043 (≥3 abnormalnosti). Zaključujemo da bi se RQUICKI indeks mogao primijeniti za točnije identificiranje metaboličkog statusa krava tijekom rane laktacije. Međutim, kinetika osjetljivosti na inzulin trebala bi se dodatno istražiti na većem broju životinja kao i u krava različitih pasmina

Measurement of branching fractions for BtoJ/psietaKB to J/psi eta K decays and search for a narrow resonance in the J/psietaJ/psi eta final state

We report an observation of the $B^{pm } to J/psi eta K^{pm }$ and $B^0 to J/psi eta K^0_S$ decays using $772times 10^{6}Boverline {B}$ pairs collected at the $Upsilon (4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. We obtain the branching fractions ${mathcal B}(B^{pm }rightarrow J/psi eta K^{pm })=(1.27pm 0.11(hbox {stat.})pm 0.11(hbox {syst.}))times 10^{-4}$ and ${mathcal B}(B^0to J/psi eta K^0_S)=(5.22 pm 0.78 (hbox {stat.}) pm 0.49 (hbox {syst.}))times 10^{-5}$. We search for a new narrow charmonium(-like) state $X$ in the $J/psi eta$ mass spectrum and find no significant excess. We set upper limits on the product of branching fractions, ${mathcal B}(B^pm to XK^pm){mathcal B}(X to J/psi eta)$, at $3872,hbox {MeV},c^{-2}$ where a $C$-odd partner of $X(3872)$ may exist, at $psi (4040)$ and $psi (4160)$ assuming their known mass and width, and over a range from 3.8 to $4.8,hbox {GeV},c^{-2}$. The obtained upper limits at 90% confidence level for $X^{Chbox {-}{rm odd}}(3872)$, $psi (4040)$, and $psi (4160)$ are $3.8times 10^{-6}$, $15.5times 10^{-6}$, and $7.4times 10^{-6}$, respectively

Opadanje neorganskog fosfora tijekom intravenskog testa tolerancije na glukozu povezano je s inzulinskom rezistencijom u mliječnih krava

Inorganic phosphorus (Pi) concentration in blood decreases during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) due to the increase in the level of insulin and glucose. The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between the intensity of Pi decrease with a dynamic change of insulin and glucose during IVGTT (AUC - total area under curve, AUC increment - area under curve from start of IVGTT to time of maximal response and glucose CR-clearance rate), as well as RQUICKI (Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index) and RQUICKI-BHB (RQUICKI with beta hydroxybutyrate in formula) indexes of insulin resistance. The experiment included healthy and ketotic cows. Metabolic changes in ketotic cattle are similar to healthy cows in early lactation; ketosis represents impaired metabolic adaptation with higher insulin resistance. In both groups we found increases in insulin and glucose concentrations and Pi AUC during IVGTT, but these changes were less pronounced in the ketotic group. Ketotic cows showed a lower RQUICKI and RQUICKI-BHB index which indicates a higher level of insulin resistance. Pi AUC was in positive correlation with glucose response (glucose AUC), and this correlation is controlled with insulin response to glucose (insulin AUC). Pi AUC also showed a positive correlation with maximal glucose and insulin concentration during IVGTT, AUC and AUC increment for glucose and insulin, and glucose CR. These correlations were controlled by RQUICKI and RQUICKI-BHB indexes. The Pi decrease after the intravenous glucose tolerance test in dairy cows is associated with all aspects of insulin resistance, that include the insulin response to glucose (insulin AUC) and tissue response to insulin (RQUICKI and RQUICKI-BHB).Koncentracija neorganskog fosfora (engl. inorganic phosphorus, Pi) u krvi opada tijekom intravenskog testa tolerancije na glukozu (engl. intravenous glucose tolerance test, IVGTT) zbog porasta koncentracije inzulina i glukoze. Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio da se utvrdi veza između opadanja vrijednosti Pi s dinamskim promjenama vrijednosti inzulina i glukoze tijekom IVGTT (AUC - ukupna površina ispod krivulje, AUC increment - površina ispod krivulje od početka IVGTT do trenutka kada se postiže maksimalni odgovor i CR-klirens glukoze), kao i vrijednostima indeksa inzulinske rezistencije RQUICKI (eng., Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index) i RQUICKI-BHB (RQUICKI preinačen s vrijednošću beta-hidroksibutirata). U pokus su bile uključene zdrave i ketozne krave. Metaboličke promjene kod ketoznih krava slične su promjenama kod zdravih krava u ranoj laktaciji, s tim što ketoza nastaje kao znak loše metaboličke adaptacije s inzulinskom rezistencijom. U obje skupine ustanovljen je porast inzulina i glukoze i Pi AUC tijekom IVGTT, ali su ove promjene manje izražene kod ketoznih krava. Ketozne su krave imale nižu vrijednost RQUICKI i RQUICKI-BHB indeksa, što upućuje na veću razinu inzulinske rezistencije. Pi AUC je bio u pozitivnoj korelaciji s odgovorom glukoze (AUC glukoze), a ova je korelacija bila pod kontrolom odgovora inzulina na glukozu (AUC inzulina). Pi AUC pozitivno korelira s maksimalnom koncentracijom glukoze i inzulina postignutom tijekom IVGTT, AUC i AUC porasta za glukozu i inzulin i CR glukoze. Sve su navedene korelacije kontrolirane vrijednostima RQUICKI i RQUICKI-BHB indeksa. Opadanje Pi tijekom intravenskog testa tolerancije na glukozu kod mliječnih krava povezana je sa svim aspektima inzulinske rezistencije, što je odgovor inzulina na glukozu (AUC inzulina) i odgovor tkiva na inzulin (RQUICKI i RQUICKI-BHB

Dietary zeolite clinoptilolite supplementation influences chemical composition of milk and udder health in dairy cows

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ustanoviti utjecaj zeolita klinoptilolita (KPL) dodavanog u obroke mliječnih krava na kemijski sastav mlijeka, broj somatskih stanica (BSS) i zdravlje vimena. Dvadeset krava Holštajn-frizijske pasmine u dobi od 3 do 5 godina, gravidnih tri mjeseca i držanih u maloj obiteljskoj farmi u okolici Đurđevca, Hrvatska, bile su uključene u ovo istraživanje. Krave su bile nasumično razvrstane u dvije skupine, kontrolnu (n=10) i skupinu hranjenu s dodatkom KPL (n=10), i to svakodnevno sa 100 g zeolita u obroku za mliječne krave. Prvo uzorkovanje mlijeka načinjeno je prije dodavanja KPL u hranu. Još su četiri uzorkovanja provedena kroz četiri mjeseca, do sedmog mjeseca gravidnosti, odnosno suhostaja. Uzorci mlijeka bili su analizirani s obzirom na kemijski sastav mlijeka (mliječna mast, bjelančevine, laktoza, nemasna suha tvar i ureja), BSS i bakteriološkom pretragom. Uočene razlike u sadržaju pojedinog pretraživanog sastojka mlijeka nisu se značajno razlikovale, ni za pojedinačno uzorkovanje niti između pokusnih skupina krava. Međutim, kemijski sastav mlijeka bio je mnogo stabilniji u krava kojima je dodavan KPL u hranu. Naime, statistički značajna razlika između pojedinačnih uzorkovanja u krava kojima je dodavan KPL bila je utvrđena za sadržaj mliječne masti i ureje. Štoviše, u mlijeku krava iz kontrolne skupine utvrđene su značajne razlike između pojedinačnih uzorkovanja za sve pretražene sastojke mlijeka, s izuzetkom nemasne suhe tvari. Broj BSS u mlijeku krava iz obiju skupina nije se značajno razlikovao. Međutim, krave iz kontrolne skupine imale su 21 puta veći rizik od pojave intramamarnih infekcija nego krave kojima je KPL dodavan u hranu. Ovakav povoljni ishod naših istraživanja može se pripisati antibakterijskom, detoksikacijskom, antioksidativnom i imunostimulacijskom učinku KPL na metabolizam krava što se očitovalo padom pojavnosti intramamarnih infekcija tijekom suhostaja, porođaja i rane laktacije. Ovaj ishod vjerojatno bi se mogao objasniti ublažavanjem stresnih stanja tijekom spomenutih razdoblja kada su krave najosjetljivije na metaboličke poremećaje i nepovoljne okolišne uvijete koji rezultiraju u izraženijoj imunosupresiji i prijemljivosti za intramamarne infekcije.The aim of the current study was to establish the influence of dietary zeolite clinoptilolite (CPL) on the chemical composition of milk, somatic cell counts and udder health in dairy cows. Twenty cows of the Holstein-Frisian breed, aged between 3 and 5 years, which were pregnant for 3 months and kept in a small family farm in vicinity of Đurđevac, Croatia, were included in the trial. Cows were randomly assigned into two groups, control (n=10) and CPL-fed group (n=10). The CPL group received 100 g zeolite in the ratio for dairy cows on a daily basis. The first milk sampling was taken prior to adding CPL to feed. The four consecutive samplings were performed on a monthly basis up to 7th month of pregnancy, i.e., the dry period. The milk samples were analysed for chemical composition (milk fat, proteins, lactose, non- fatty dry matter and urea), somatic cell counts and by bacteriological examination. Observed differences in the content of particular milk components tested did not differ significantly between groups in any of sampling points. However, the chemical composition of milk was found to be more stable in CPL-fed cows. Statistically significant differences were found for milk fat and urea contents between single samplings in CPL-fed cows. Moreover, in the control group, significant differences were found between single samplings for all milk components, except non-fatty dry matter. The number of SCC in milk between the groups did not differ significantly. However, the control cows had a 21-fold higher odd of intramammary infections than CPL-fed cows. This beneficial outcome of the study may be attributed to the antibacterial, detoxifying, antioxidative and immunostimulating effects of CPL on the metabolism of cows, as exhibited by a decreased incidence of intramammary infections during the dry period, parturition and early lactation. Such an outcome might be explained by the moderation of stressful events accompanying such periods, when cows are the most sensitive to metabolic imbalance and environmental detrimental effects, resulting in more pronounced immunosuppression and susceptibility to intramammary infections

Measurement of two-particle correlations of hadrons in ▫e+e−e^+ e^-▫ collisions at Belle

The measurement of two-particle angular correlation functions in high-multiplicity e+e− collisions at √s=10.52  GeV is reported. In this study, the 89.5  fb−1 of hadronic e+e− annihilation data collected by the Belle detector at KEKB are used. Two-particle angular correlation functions are measured in the full relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ) and three units of pseudorapidity (Δη), defined by either the electron beam axis or the event-shape thrust axis, and are studied as a function of charged-particle multiplicity. The measurement in the thrust axis analysis, with mostly outgoing quark pairs determining the reference axis, is sensitive to the region of additional soft gluon emissions. No significant anisotropic collective behavior is observed with either coordinate analyses. Near-side jet correlations appear to be absent in the thrust axis analysis. The measurements are compared to predictions from various event generators and are expected to provide new constraints to the phenomenological models in the low-energy regime

Measurement of time-dependent CP violation in B 0 → η′K 0 decays

We present a measurement of the time-dependent CP violation parameters in B0 → η′K0 decays. The measurement is based on the full data sample containing 772 × 10^6 BB pairs collected at the Υ(4S) resonance using the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider. The measured values of the mixing-induced and direct CP violation parameters are: sin⁡ 2ϕ1eff=+0.68±0.07±0.03, Aη′K0=+0.03±0.05±0.04, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The values obtained are the most accurate to date. Furthermore, these results are consistent with our previous measurements and with the world-average value of sin 2ϕ1 measured in B0 → J/ψK0 decays

Search for the decay ▫Bs0toetaetaB_s^0 to eta eta▫

We report results from a search for the decay B0s→ηη using 121.4  fb−1 of data collected at the Υ(5S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider. We do not observe any signal and set an upper limit on the branching fraction of 14.3×10−5 at 90% confidence level. This result represents a significant improvement over the previous most stringent limit

Measurement of the branching fraction and ▫CPCP▫ asymmetry for ▫BtobarD0piB to bar{D}^0 pi▫ decays

We measure the branching fractions and CP asymmetries for the decays B⁰ → D¯ 0π⁰ and B⁺ → D¯ 0π⁺, using a data sample of 772 × 10⁶ BB¯ pairs collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e⁺e− collider. The branching fractions obtained and direct CP asym-metries are B(B⁰ → D¯ 0π⁰)=[2.70 0.06(stat) 0.10(syst)]×10−⁴, B(B⁺ → D¯ 0π⁺)=[4.53 0.02(stat) 0.15(syst)]×10−³, ACP(B⁰ → D¯ 0π⁰)= [+0.42 2.05(stat) 1.22(syst)]%, and ACP(B⁺ → D¯ 0π⁺) = [+0.19 0.36(stat) 0.57(syst)]%. The measurements of B are the most precise to date and are in good agreement with previous results, as is the measurement of ACP(B⁺ → D¯ 0π⁺). The measurement of ACP for B⁰ → D¯ 0π⁰ is the first for this mode, and the value is consistent with Standard Model expectations