Heart in anatomy history, radiology, anthropology and art

Background: Anthropologic, artistic and medical significance of heart inspired usto undertake this multidisciplinary study.Materials and methods: Amongst the 24 obtained echocardiograms and phonograms, 1 was used for a Photoshop processing. In addition, over 20,000 art work reproductions were examined in this study.Results: Artistic and symbolic presentation of heart started some 15,000 years ago. First heart models were made by the Egyptian and Olmec civilisations. Ancient cultures regarded heart as the seat of the soul, spirit and intelligence. First anatomical and artistic images of heart were created by Leonardo da Vinci in the15th century, and first wax models by the Italian anatomists in the 17th century. Mediaeval religious symbolism of heart was replaced in the Renaissance and later on mainly by its role in the romantic love. Anatomical heart art continued in the 18th and 19th centuries through the works of Sénac, Cloquet, Hirschfeldand Bourgery. Some modern artists, such as Dalí, Kahlo, Rivera, Warhol, Ivanjicki, Vital, Kober and Mastrlova, created the anatomical heart images or sculptures, whereas some others, such as Duchamp, Klee, Miró, Matisse and Dine, presented heart symbol in their artworks. New radiologic technologies produce fine images of heart, some of which are similar to the works of modern artists.Conclusions: Heart biology and symbolism have had a tremendous influence on our culture, including art and medical sciences. New radiologic techniques and computer technology have produced such images of heart, which substantially improved diagnosis, but also enhanced the heart aesthetics

Accidental gold-drug poisoning — oral manifestations

Opisuje se slučaj trovanja preparatom zlata bolesnika s reumatoidnim artritisom. Ukazuje se na oralna oštećenja i promene pri trovanju preparatom zlata Solganal B, oleosum. Akcentira se tok trovanja, subjektivne tegobe i klinička slika. Karakteristične su: — Intenzivne primarno bulozno-vezikulozne, sekundarno erozivne promene lokalizovane na pokretnoj sluzokoži oralne duplje i usana. — Hipertrofična gingivna sluzoikoža s ulceronekroznim promenama na interdentalnim papilama. — Izražen ptijalizmus. Učinjen je pokušaj da se ukaže na momente koji diferenciraju trovanje zlatom od ostalih akcidentalnih trovanja.The author describe a case of gold >poiisoning of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis. The oral manifestations of poisoning with gold-drug Solganal B, oleosum are shown. The course of poisoning, symptoms and clinical findings are described. The characteristic clinical findings are: primary severe vesicobullous lesions, secondary erosions localised on mobile mucosa of oral cavity and lips; hyperplastic gingivae with ulcerative and necrotizing lesions on interdental papillae; intensive ptyalism. This study was an attempt to show the differences between the gold-poisoning and other accidental poisonings

Brain and art: illustrations of the cerebral convolutions. A review

Background: Aesthetics and functional significance of the cerebral cortical relief gave us the idea to find out how often the convolutions are presented in fine art, and in which techniques, conceptual meaning and pathophysiological aspect.Materials and methods: We examined 27,614 art works created by 2,856 authors and presented in art literature, and in Google images search.Results: The cerebral gyri were shown in 0.85% of the art works created by 2.35% of the authors. The concept of the brain was first mentioned in ancient Egypt some 3,700 years ago. The first artistic drawing of the convolutions was made by Leonardo da Vinci, and the first colour picture by an unknown Italian author. Rembrandt van Rijn was the first to paint the gyri. Dozens of modern authors, who are professional artists, medical experts or designers, presented the cerebralc onvolutions in drawings, paintings, digital works or sculptures, with various aesthetic, symbolic and metaphorical connotation. Some artistic compositions and natural forms show a gyral pattern. The convolutions, whose cortical layers enable the cognitive functions, can be affected by various disorders. Some artists suffered from those disorders, and some others presented them in their artworks.Conclusions: The cerebral convolutions or gyri, thanks to their extensive cortical mantle, are the specific morphological basis for the human mind, but also the structures with their own aesthetics. Contemporary authors relatively often depictor model the cerebral convolutions, either from the aesthetic or conceptual aspect. In this way, they make a connection between the neuroscience and fineart

Experimental study of PDMS membranes fabricated either by spin coating or transfer bonding to a silicon chip with etched cavity

Nowadays, with no doubt, PDMS, poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer is material of choice for microfluidic fabrication because of its unique chemical, optical and mechanical properties. Unfortunately, it is not photo-definable (i.e. not a photoresist) and fabrication of PDMS MEM (micro-electro-mechanical) devices is typically done using soft lithography. Some steps of the process are difficult to perform without manually handling PDMS layers. Next problem to be considered in patterning PDMS membranes is bond strength between membrane and silicon substrate. To investigate this, we fabricated PDMS membranes on silicon either by spin coating Si wafer or transferring previously fabricated PDMS membrane to Si chip with bonding layer on it. PDMS network samples for this research were synthesized with the same composition, which are Sylgard 184 (Dow Corning, USA) silicone elastomer base and silicone elastomer curing agent, volume ratio 10:1. Fabrication of test structures is based on bulk micromachining on ⟨100⟩ oriented Si wafers to fabricate square cavities on which PDMS membranes were realized by one of mentioned procedures. Mechanical testing of PDMS membranes, elastic properties and adhesion strength of membranes with different thicknesses were investigated applying pressurized bulge testing. Pressure was applied to the PDMS membrane via nitrogen gas and the resulting load-deflection curves were monitoring

ISPITIVANJE MESNATOSTI TRUPOVA BROJLERA

Na mesnatost trupova brojlera utiče veliki broj različitih faktora kao što su:genetika, ishrana, starost i pol jedinke, uslovi držanja, kao i postmortalni faktori- postupak obrade trupova i način hlađenja. Cilj rada bio je ispitivanje mesnatostitrupova na osnovu masa vrednijih delova trupa brojlera (grudi i bataka sakarabatakom) tri različite provenijencije i njihovo učešće u istom. Prosečne masegrudi i bataka sa karabatakom unutar tri ispitivane provenijencije brojlera bilesu u većini slučajeva poređenja statistički značajno različite. Najveće prosečnemase kao i najveće učešće mesa u grudima odnosno, bataku sa karabatakomutvrđen je kod brojlera provenijencije Cobb, zatim Ross, a najmanje kod brojleraprovenijencije Hubbard

Full Thickness Cartilage Palisade Tympanoplasty with Malleus Interposition; A Study of the Long Term Results

The aim of this retrospective study is to review long term results of full-thickness cartilage palisade tympanoplasty (FTCPT) with malleus head interposition performed on 51 patients (56 ears); 36 women and 15 men (7-73 years, 44 years average). The pathology of ears which encourages this technique of tympanoplasty is presented. On average 12 years after surgery we have elaborated anatomic and functional results. Anatomic results were categorized based on empiric evaluation of the new tympanic membrane status: 40 (71%) tympanic membranes without anatomic irregularities, 14(25%) with irregularities and 2(4%) with secondary perforation. Functional results (tonal audiogram) are based on pure tone average air-bone gap (PTA-ABG) at 4 frequencies. Main functional results of 51 ears (51 audiograms performed): pre- and post-operative average PTA-ABGs were 27.07±9.98 and 10.77±7.85 dB (t=10.36; p<0.001). In the group of ears with a tympanic membrane with no anatomic irregularities, pre- and post-operative average PTA-ABGs were 27.30±10.56 and 10.82±8.33 dB (t=8.09; p<0.001). In the group of ears with cartilage resorption, pre- and post-operative PTA-ABGs were 24.92±8.19 and 9.33±6.58 dB (t=6.21; p<0.001). The differences between the two groups are irrelevant. Postoperative PTA-ABG values of ears after first surgery (n=34) and revision surgery (n=17) was significantly different (8.75±5.75 and 15.16±9.62 dB) (t=2.60; p=0.016). In spite of the thickness of the new tympanal membrane, FTCPT is a successful technique for solving advanced ear pathology

Increased platelet aggregability following an atherogenic diet in rabbits

In atherosclerosis researches different animal models are used but the most common is the rabbit, because of the easy development of atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis is a multicellular process and platelets play an important role in atherogenesis. Excessive plasma lipids stimulate platelet aggregability and thus atherosclerosis development. The effects of an atherogenic diet on lipid status, abdominal aorta wall structure, and platelet aggregability were studied in rabbits. Adult male Chinchilla rabbits were fed an atherogenic diet (2% edible oil solution of crystaline cholesterol at 8 mg cholesterol per kg b.wt.daily) for 8 weeks. Plasma lipid levels (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL/HDL ratio) and platelet aggregability were then measured and compared to the values obtained for control animals. Histological analysis showed atherogenic changes in the abdominal aorta wall of the experimental animals. Total plasma cholesterol level, plasma LDL-cholesterol, and LDL/HDL ratio were significantly increased compared to the controls (p<0.01), as well as triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels (p <0.05). Platelet aggregability was also significantly increased (p<0.01) after the atherogenic diet in comparison with controls when ADP, at concentrations both of 5 and 10 (mol/L, was used as the aggregant. Disaggregation was common in control animals but this phenomenon was not recorded in the experimental animals. It can be concluded that an 8-week atherogenic diet in rabbits induced marked changes of the lipid parameters, provoked atherogenic changes in the abdominal aorta wall and increased platelet aggregability.U istraživanjima ateroskleroze korišćeni su razlčiti animalni modeli, ali najčešće korišćene životinje su kunići zbog toga što lako razvijaju aterosklerozne lezije. Ateroskleroza je multicelularni proces i trombociti igraju važnu ulogu u aterogenezi. Prekomerna koncentracija lipida u plazmi izaziva povećanu agregaciju trombocita i na taj način pospešuje razvoj ateroskleroze. Istraživali smo efekte aterogene dijete na lipidni status promene na" abdominalnoj aorti i agregabilnost trombocita u kunića. Odrasli mužjaci Cinčila kunića bill su podvrgnuti aterogenoj dijeti koja se sastojala od 2% rastvora kristalnog holesterola u jestivom ulju u toku 8 nedelja. Dnevna doza holesterola bila je 8 mg/kg telesne mase. Po završetku dijete, određivane su koncentracije triglicerida, ukupnog holesterola, LDL holesterola i HDL holesterola, odnos LDL/HDL, kao i agregabilnost trombocita. Vrednosti su poređene sa kontrolnim životinjama. Histološka analiza je pokazala aterogene promene u zidu abdominalne aorte eksperimentalnih životinja. Koncentracije ukupnog i LDL holesterola u plazmi kao i odnos LDL/HDL bili su visoko statisticki značajno povećane (p<0,01). Koncentracije triglicerida i HDL-holesterola u plazmi takođe su bile statističk značajno povećane (p<0,05). Agregabilnost trombocita bila je statisticki visoko značajno povećana (p<0,01) posle aterogene dijete, bez obzira na to da II je agregant ADP korišćen u koncentraciji 5 ili 10 (mol/L. Fenomen dezagregacije bio je uobičajen za kontrolne životinje, ali nije registrovan kod eksperimentalnih životinja. Može se zaključiti da je osmonedeljna aterogena dijeta u kunića izazvala značajne promene lipidnih varijabli, izazvala nastanak aterogenih promena u zidu abdominalne aorte i povećala agregabilnost trombocita.nul

Increased platelet aggregability following an atherogenic diet in rabbits

In atherosclerosis researches different animal models are used but the most common is the rabbit, because of the easy development of atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis is a multicellular process and platelets play an important role in atherogenesis. Excessive plasma lipids stimulate platelet aggregability and thus atherosclerosis development. The effects of an atherogenic diet on lipid status, abdominal aorta wall structure, and platelet aggregability were studied in rabbits. Adult male Chinchilla rabbits were fed an atherogenic diet (2% edible oil solution of crystaline cholesterol at 8 mg cholesterol per kg b.wt.daily) for 8 weeks. Plasma lipid levels (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL/HDL ratio) and platelet aggregability were then measured and compared to the values obtained for control animals. Histological analysis showed atherogenic changes in the abdominal aorta wall of the experimental animals. Total plasma cholesterol level, plasma LDL-cholesterol, and LDL/HDL ratio were significantly increased compared to the controls (p<0.01), as well as triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels (p <0.05). Platelet aggregability was also significantly increased (p<0.01) after the atherogenic diet in comparison with controls when ADP, at concentrations both of 5 and 10 (mol/L, was used as the aggregant. Disaggregation was common in control animals but this phenomenon was not recorded in the experimental animals. It can be concluded that an 8-week atherogenic diet in rabbits induced marked changes of the lipid parameters, provoked atherogenic changes in the abdominal aorta wall and increased platelet aggregability.U istraživanjima ateroskleroze korišćeni su razlčiti animalni modeli, ali najčešće korišćene životinje su kunići zbog toga što lako razvijaju aterosklerozne lezije. Ateroskleroza je multicelularni proces i trombociti igraju važnu ulogu u aterogenezi. Prekomerna koncentracija lipida u plazmi izaziva povećanu agregaciju trombocita i na taj način pospešuje razvoj ateroskleroze. Istraživali smo efekte aterogene dijete na lipidni status promene na" abdominalnoj aorti i agregabilnost trombocita u kunića. Odrasli mužjaci Cinčila kunića bill su podvrgnuti aterogenoj dijeti koja se sastojala od 2% rastvora kristalnog holesterola u jestivom ulju u toku 8 nedelja. Dnevna doza holesterola bila je 8 mg/kg telesne mase. Po završetku dijete, određivane su koncentracije triglicerida, ukupnog holesterola, LDL holesterola i HDL holesterola, odnos LDL/HDL, kao i agregabilnost trombocita. Vrednosti su poređene sa kontrolnim životinjama. Histološka analiza je pokazala aterogene promene u zidu abdominalne aorte eksperimentalnih životinja. Koncentracije ukupnog i LDL holesterola u plazmi kao i odnos LDL/HDL bili su visoko statisticki značajno povećane (p<0,01). Koncentracije triglicerida i HDL-holesterola u plazmi takođe su bile statističk značajno povećane (p<0,05). Agregabilnost trombocita bila je statisticki visoko značajno povećana (p<0,01) posle aterogene dijete, bez obzira na to da II je agregant ADP korišćen u koncentraciji 5 ili 10 (mol/L. Fenomen dezagregacije bio je uobičajen za kontrolne životinje, ali nije registrovan kod eksperimentalnih životinja. Može se zaključiti da je osmonedeljna aterogena dijeta u kunića izazvala značajne promene lipidnih varijabli, izazvala nastanak aterogenih promena u zidu abdominalne aorte i povećala agregabilnost trombocita.nul

Effects of centrally applied vasopressin on the pituitary ACTH cells in male rats

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is synthesized in specific brain regions including the magnocellular and parvocellular divisions of paraventricular nucleus (PVN). While magnocellular AVP responds to osmotic stimuli and functions mainly - although not exclusively - as an antidiuretic hormone, AVP produced in the parvocellular region controls the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, in conjunction with CRH (Ferrini et al., 1997). ACTH release from anterior pituitary gland is principally driven by two hypothalamic hormones, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) (Tsigos and Chrousos, 2002).nul