A Requiem for Requiems: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Reality

It is true that the test set out in Roth v. United States is moribund. In a sense it was stillborn. While five Justices, only one of whom remains on the Court, joined in the majority opinion in Roth, that case only adumbrated certain considerations that later were forged into what has come to be known as the Roth test. No sooner did the forging process begin than the Court became fragmented on this issue, and a majority of the Justices has never since concurred in the test-certainly not in a compatible formulation of it. Today, it is not clear that anyone on the Court adheres to the test, other than its parent and guardian, Justice Brennan. The requiem for Roth, Professor Engdahl suggests, has been played in three recent obscenity cases, Ginzburg v. United States, Ginsberg v. New York, and Stanley v. Georgia. In a way, each of these cases can be attributed to an effort on the Court\u27s part to utilize the suggestions of academic commentators aimed at improving or clarifying constitutional standards for obscenity. Dean Lockhart and Professor McClure were explicitly given credit for the concept of variable obscenity which formed the Court\u27s conceptual basis in Ginsberg v. New York; but their ideas could also explain the other two cases as well. Each case proceeds on the premise that the constitutional law of obscenity could be made more rational if the Court focused less on the nature of the erotic material per se and looked more to the context in which it became the subject of a lawsuit

Westin: Privacy and Freedom

A Review of Privacy and Freedom by Alan F. Westi

Braid Structure and Raising-Lowering Operator Formalism in Sutherland Model

We algebraically construct the Fock space of the Sutherland model in terms of the eigenstates of the pseudomomenta as basis vectors. For this purpose, we derive the raising and lowering operators which increase and decrease eigenvalues of pseudomomenta. The operators exchanging eigenvalues of two pseudomomenta have been known. All the eigenstates are systematically produced by starting from the ground state and multiplying these operators to it.Comment: 11 pages, Latex, no figure

Landau level mixing and spin degeneracy in the quantum Hall effect

We study dynamics of electrons in a magnetic field using a network model with two channels per link with random mixing in a random intrachannel potential; the channels represent either two Landau levels or two spin states. We consider channel mixing as function of the energy separation of the two extended states and show that its effect changes from repulsion to attraction as the energy separation increases. For two Landau levels this leads to level floating at low magnetic fields while for Zeeman split spin states we predict level attraction at high magnetic fields, accounting for ESR data. We also study random mixing of two degenerate channels, while the intrachannel potential is periodic (non-random). We find a single extended state with a localization exponent $\nu\approx 1.1$ for real scattering at nodes; the general case has also a single extended state, though the localized nature of nearby states sets in at unusually large scales.Comment: 18 pages, 11 tex-files and 1 ps-file of figure