Variability of secondary metabolites of the species Cichorium intybus L. from different habitats

© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The principal aim of this paper is to show the influence of soil characteristics on the quantitative variability of secondary metabolites. Analysis of phenolic content, flavonoid concentrations, and the antioxidant activity was performed using the ethanol and ethyl acetate plant extracts of the species Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae). The samples were collected from one saline habitat and two non-saline habitats. The values of phenolic content from the samples taken from the saline habitat ranged from 119.83 to 120.83 mg GA/g and from non-saline habitats from 92.44 to 115.10 mg GA/g. The amount of flavonoids in the samples from the saline locality varied between 144.36 and 317.62 mg Ru/g and from non-saline localities between 86.03 and 273.07 mg Ru/g. The IC50 values of antioxidant activity in the samples from the saline habitat ranged from 87.64 to 117.73 µg/mL and from 101.44 to 125.76 µg/mL in the samples from non-saline habitats. The results confirmed that soil types represent a significant influence on the quantitative content of secondary metabolites. The greatest concentrations of phenols and flavonoids and the highest level of antioxidant activity were found in the samples from saline soil. This further corroborates the importance of saline soil as an ecological factor, as it is proven to give rise to increased biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and related antioxidant activity

In vitro antioxidant activity of extracts from leaves and fruits of common dogwood (Cornus sanguinea L.)

This paper deals with first new data for comparative analysis of leaves and fruits from common dogwood (Cornus sanguinea L.). Antioxidant activity is expressed as IC50 values (μg/ml) that ranged from 1202,85 to 19,84 μg/ml. The total phenolic content ranges from 27,45 to 205,74 mg GA/g. The concentration of flavonoids is between 14,40 and 118,46 mg RU/g. In comparison, methanolic and water extracts from leaves show significant antioxidant activity, IC50 values of this extract are better than the values for the G. biloba extract. The report of our research of plant parts from C. sanguinea can be regarded as promising candidates for natural plant sources of antioxidant with high value. Copyright © 2012 Société botanique de France

Temporal, plant part, and interpopulation variability of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity of Inula helenium l.

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Variations in abiotic environmental factors have significant effects on quantity and quality of secondary metabolites, which is particularly important for plant species that possess biologically active compounds. The purpose of this study is determination of the total phenolic content, flavonoid concentration, and antioxidant activity of the different parts of Inula helenium L. (Asteraceae) sampled from different populations and in different time periods. The amounts obtained for the total phenolics varied from 16.73 to 89.85 mg of gallic acid (GA)/g. The concentration of flavonoids ranged from 9.32 to 376.22 mg of rutin (Ru)/g. The IC50 values of antioxidant activity determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical method varied from 161.60 to 1563.02 μg/ml. The inflorescence and roots possessed high concentration of phenolic compounds and significant antioxidant activity, while leaves contained the highest concentration of flavonoids. Additionally, the quantity of the phenolics, as well as antioxidant activity, significantly varied among the different populations due to different impacts of environmental factors. This research showed that I. helenium represents an abundant source of bioactive substances, and that the quantity of these compounds greatly differs among the different populations as well as in the same populations regarding the different time periods as well as plant parts

Ecological variability of the phenolic compounds of Olea europaea L. leaves from natural habitats and cultivated conditions

© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Many compounds from the phenolic group, flavonoids in particular, are well-known antioxidants, although their role in plant response to stress is debatable. The aim of this study was to determine the variability of the phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of Olea europaea leaf samples from different habitats. The determination included measurement of the total quantity of phenolics, the flavonoid content, as well as the antioxidant activity of the two types of methanolic leaf extracts of O. europaea from several natural habitats in the Mediterranean region (Tunisia, Malta and Montenegro) and from cultivated conditions (France and Serbia). The results showed that both the total quantity of phenols and flavonoids as well as the intensity of antioxidant activity in the two types of extracts largely depended on the type of habitat. The total quantity of phenols and flavonoids was greater in the samples from cultivated plants which demonstrated the significance of certain conditions in terms of the correlation between the intensity of primary and secondary metabolism. However, the values of antioxidant activity in both types of extract were higher in the samples from natural habitats. The results showed that plants from natural habitats contain secondary metabolites with high biological activity. It could be speculated that these active substances play an important role in the adaptation of plants to the stress caused by arid conditions

Total phenolic content, flavonoid concentrations and antioxidant activity, of the whole plant and plant parts extracts from Teucrium montanum L. var. montanum, f. supinum (L.) reichenb

The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic content, concentrations of flavonoids and in vitro antioxidant activity of twenty different extracts from the plant and plant parts (leaves, flowers and stems) of Teucrium montanum L. var. montanum, f. supinum (L.) Reichenb. The total phenolic content in the extracts was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and their amounts ranged between 8.33 to 169.06 mg GA/g. The concentrations of flavonoids in plant extracts varied from 3.96 to 88.31 mg RU/g. Antioxidant activity was analyzed in vitro using DPPH reagent, activity expressed as IC50 and obtained results ranged from 29.41 to 2408.47 μg/mL. Parallel to the analysis of T. montanum, Ginkgo biloba L. and Green tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) extracts were analyzed for comparison, and the results indicated that some extracts of T. montanum were equal in activity with Ginkgo or Green tea and some appeared to have greater activity. Based on these results of investigation, it could be concluded that T. montanum is a rich source of phenolic compounds as natural antioxidans of high value

New values of Teucrium species: In Vitro study of cytotoxic activities of secondary metabolites

The cytotoxicity of seven Teucrium species, a long time ago used as a food spices, for beverages and teas preparing, as well as therapeutics for digestive and respiratory diseases, were examined against human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa, human melanoma Fem-x, human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 and human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-361 cells. MTT assay was used for determination of target cell survival. The most prominent cytotoxic effect was observed against K562 cells, especially by T. scordioides, T. montanum and T. botrys. All Teucrium extracts showed good cytotoxic activity on HeLa cells, but very low cytotoxic effect on MDA-MB-361 cells. In addition, the cytotoxic activities of T. scordioides and T. montanum extract were tested on healthy resting and phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PHAstimulated PBMC). T. scordioides and T. montanum extracts at concentration of 200 μg/ml reduced the resting PBMC and PHA-stimulated PBMC survival up to 10% and 20%, while the reduction of K562 cell survival at the same concentration of extracts was 94% and 97%, respectively. These results point to selectivity in their antitumor actions. Teucrium species can be regarded as promising candidates for natural plant sources of effective biological compounds as a supplements in the food industry, as well as for therapeutic use

About Belgrade's contemporary hodonyms of anthroponymic origin

This paper analyzes the most important structural and semantic fuman lymphocytes using micronucleus assay, Since Teucrium chamaedrys and Teucrium montanum are the most popular plants used in the treatment of many diseases, we evaluated genotoxic potential of their methanolic extracts on cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) using cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) assay. Cultures were treated with four concentrations of both plants (125, 250, 500 and 1,000 μg/ml), both separately and in combination with mitomycin C (MMC). The results revealed that extract of T. chamaedrys administered at the tested concentrations did not significantly affect the mean MN frequency in comparison to untreated cells. Methanolic extract of T. montanum increased the mean MN frequency in PBL at the tested concentrations, but significantly only at the concentration of 1,000 μg/ml. In all tested concentrations, the extract of T. chamaedrys significantly reduced the MMC-induced MN frequency, in a dose dependent manner (r = - 0.687, p < 0.01). The extract of T. montanum decreased the MMC-induced MN frequency at the tested concentrations, but statistically only at 125 μg/ml. Both extracts administered alone did not significantly affect the nuclear division index (NDI) at the tested concentrations. In the combined treatments with MMC, the extract obtained from T. chamaedrys in the concentrations of 500 and 1,000 μg/ml significantly decreased NDI values in comparison to MMC-treated cells alone, while the extract of T. montanum significantly decreased NDI at all tested concentrations. Both extracts nonsignificantly decreased NDI at all tested concentrations in comparison to untreated cells. Our results suggest the important function of T. chamaedrys extract in cancer therapy, this methanolic extract may prevent genotoxic effects of chemotherapy in PBLs. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

Antimicrobial activity, total phenolic content and flavonoid concentrations of Teucrium species

In vitro antimicrobial activity of 21 crude extracts obtained from seven taxa of the genus Teucrium (T. chamaedrys, T. montanum, T. arduini, T. polium, T. scordium subsp. scordium, T. scordium subsp. scordioides and T. botrys) was tested against bacterial and fungal species. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using a microdilution analysis method. Total phenolic content and flavonoid concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically. Total phenols were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and their amounts ranged from 28. 49 up to 159. 84 mg CA/g of extract (chlorogenic acid equivalent). The amounts of flavonoids ranged from 38. 17 up to 190. 45 mg RU/g of extract (rutin equivalent). The plant extracts showed greater potential of antibacterial than antifungal activity. A relationship was found between total phenolics and biological activity. The highest level of total phenols was measured in the methanol extracts, which demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity than acetone and ethyl acetate extracts. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 appeared to be the most sensitive organism. Our results indicate that Teucrium spp extracts are rich sources of phenolic compounds and are promising candidates for further development as natural antimicrobial agents. © 2012 Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Wien

Cytotoxic, antimigratory, pro-and antioxidative activities of extracts from medicinal mushrooms on colon cancer cell lines

Methanol extracts of five commercially available mushroom species (Phellinus linteus (Berk. et Curt) Teng, Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc., Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Pegler, Coprinus comatus (O. F. Müll.) Pers. and Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst), traditionally used as anticancer agents, were evaluated in vitro for their total phenol and flavonoid contents, cytotoxic and antimigratory activities and antioxidant/prooxidant effects on colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116 and SW-480). Spectrophotometric methods were used for the determination of total phenol content, flavonoid concentrations and DPPH activity of the extracts. Cytotoxic activity was measured by the MTT assay. The antimigratory activity of extracts was determined using the Transwell assay and immunofluorescence staining of ß-catenin. The prooxidant/antioxidant status was followed by measuring the superoxide anion radical (O2•-), nitrite and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations. Our results show that the highest phenolic and flavonoid content was found in P. linteus, and its DPPH-scavenging capacity was significantly higher than in other samples. The P. linteus extract significantly decreased cell viability of both tested cancer cell lines. All other extracts selectively inhibited SW-480 cell viability, but did not show significant cytotoxic activity. The mushroom extracts caused changes in the prooxidant/antioxidant status of cells, inducing oxidative stress. All extracts tested on HCT-116 cells demonstrated significant antimigratory effects, which correlated with increased production of O2•- and a reduced level of ß-catenin protein expression, while only P. linteus showed the same effect on SW-480 cells. The results of the present research indicate that the mushroom extracts causes oxidative stress which has a pronounced impact on the migratory status of colon cancer cell lines

Teucrium plant species as natural sources of novel anticancer compounds: Antiproliferative, proapoptotic and antioxidant properties

This study deals with total phenolic content, antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of methanolic extracts from different Teucrium species and the effect on the prooxidant/antioxidant status in HCT-116 cells. The total phenolic content of the extracts was measured spectrophotometricaly and the obtained results ranged from 56.62 mg/g to 172.50 mg GA/g. The antiproliferative activity of methanolic extracts from different Teucrium species was determined using MTT cell viability assay, where IC 50 value was used as a parameter for cytotoxicity. The type of cell death was explored by fluorescence microscopy using the acridin orange/ethidium bromide method. MTT assay showed that all extracts significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with very low IC 50 values. The highest content of phenolic compounds and the best cytotoxic activity on HCT-116 cells after 24 h of exposure was in T. chamaedrys extract, with IC 50 values of 5.48 × 10 -9 μg/mL. After 72 h, methanolic extract of T. arduini appeared to have the best cytotoxic activity on HCT-116, with IC 50 values of 0.37 μg/mL. Treatments caused typical apoptotic morphological changes in HCT-116 cells and showed a high percentage of apoptotic cells. The results of the presented research indicate that some Teucrium extracts are a very rich source of phenols, which may directly contribute to high antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity. © 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland