A Process Model of Locational Change in Entrepreneurial Firms: An Evolutionary Perspective

How do changes in the spatial organization of entrepreneurial firms come about? This paper provides a conceptualisation of the process of locational change. A process model of locational change is constructed on the basis of an empirical study of 109 locational events during the life course of 25 young firms in knowledge intensive sectors (knowledge services and biomedicals). This process model of locational change maps both internal and external variation and selection processes. This model contributes to the development of a causal process theory of the spatial development of (new) firms.Location;Decision-Making;Entrepreneurial Firms;Evolutionary Theory;Process Models

Starting Anew: Entrepreneurial Intentions and Realizations Subsequent to Business Closure

We know that most businesses fail. But what is not known is to what extent failed ex-entrepreneurs set up in business again. The objective of this article is to explore potential and realized serial entrepreneurship. Based on three disciplines – psychology, labour economics, and the sociology of careers – we formulated propositions to explain (potential) serial entrepreneurship. We tested these propositions empirically with a longitudinal database of 79 businesses that had closed within 5 years after start-up. A large majority of the ex-entrepreneurs maintained entrepreneurial intentions subsequent to business closure, while almost one in four business closures were followed by a new business (serial entrepreneurship). Our results show that the determinants of restart intention (potential serial entrepreneurship) and actual restart realization (realized serial entrepreneurship) are different. Ex-entrepreneurs who are young, who worked full-time in their prior business, and who recall their business management experience positively are likely to harbour restart intentions. Only ‘being located in an urban region’ transpired to have a significant effect on the start of a new business. Although entrepreneurial intentions are a necessary condition for the start of a new business, this study shows that the explanation of entrepreneurial intentions is distinct from the explanation of new business formation subsequent to business closure.The Netherlands;Business Closure;Entrepreneurial Intentions;New Business Formation;Serial Entrepreneurship

A Process Model of Locational Change in Entrepreneurial Firms: An Evolutionary Perspective

How do changes in the spatial organization of entrepreneurial firms come about? This paper provides a conceptualisation of the process of locational change. A process model of locational change is constructed on the basis of an empirical study of 109 locational events during the life course of 25 young firms in knowledge intensive sectors (knowledge services and biomedicals). This process model of locational change maps both internal and external variation and selection processes. This model contributes to the development of a causal process theory of the spatial development of (new) firms

Renascent Entrepreneurship

Why should individuals that have exited their firm consider re-entering into entrepreneurship, i.e. become renascent entrepreneurs? According to the logic of economic models of firm dynamics there is no reason to re-enter into entrepreneurship following termination of a previous firm. In contrast, research on nascent entrepreneurship has shown the positive effect of entrepreneurial experience on planning a new firm start. Based on the empirical evidence from a database consisting of ex-entrepreneurs, this study shows that renascent entrepreneurship is a pervasive phenomenon in current society. Especially entrepreneurial human and social capital induce renascent entrepreneurship. In addition, the nature of the firm exit also affects the probability of renascent entrepreneurship.Economics of Entrepreneurship;Entrepreneurial Preferences;Entrepreneurial Skills;Firm Exit;Renascent Entrepreneurship

New Firm Growth: Exploring Processes and Paths

This paper provides a new methodology for the diachronic study of new firm growth, theoretically grounded in the work of Penrose (1995). We show that a model of firm growth as an unfolding process makes possible draw simple, measurable inferences from firm level to aggregate evidence on growth paths of new firms, expressed as propositions. Metrics on growth paths of new firms in three longitudinal samples of new firms are examined for evidence at the aggregate level consistent with the dynamic model. Dynamic processes in the early development of young firms result in variations in the timing, magnitude, duration and rate of change of growth as between firms and in the same firm over time. The conceptual and methodological framework in this paper provides a basis for future research aimed at explaining the development of new firms.entrepreneurship;Penrose;growth paths;new firm growth;resource-based perspective

Starting Anew: Entrepreneurial Intentions and Realizations Subsequent to Business Closure

We know that most businesses fail. But what is not known is to what extent failed ex-entrepreneurs set up in business again. The objective of this article is to explore potential and realized serial entrepreneurship. Based on three disciplines – psychology, labour economics, and the sociology of careers – we formulated propositions to explain (potential) serial entrepreneurship. We tested these propositions empirically with a longitudinal database of 79 businesses that had closed within 5 years after start-up. A large majority of the ex-entrepreneurs maintained entrepreneurial intentions subsequent to business closure, while almost one in four business closures were followed by a new business (serial entrepreneurship). Our results show that the determinants of restart intention (potential serial entrepreneurship) and actual restart realization (realized serial entrepreneurship) are different. Ex-entrepreneurs who are young, who worked full-time in their prior business, and who recall their business management experience positively are likely to harbour restart intentions. Only ‘being located in an urban region’ transpired to have a significant effect on the start of a new business. Although entrepreneurial intentions are a necessary condition for the start of a new business, this study shows that the explanation of entrepreneurial intentions is distinct from the explanation of new business formation subsequent to business closure

The Performance Of Team Start-Ups In The First Phases Of The Life Course

This article describes the benefits and pitfalls of starting a firm with an entrepreneurial team, drawing on a longitudinal empirical analysis of the life course of 90 team start-ups and 1196 solo start-ups in the Netherlands. In the first three years of their existence, team start-ups perform better than solo start-ups on several success indicators. However, after this start phase, entrepreneurial teams face particular problems in realizing further growth. These team-specific bottlenecks can even threaten firm survival. In later life course phases we found a clear distinction between entrepreneurial teams with stagnating growth and teams that succeeded in solving these problems and went on to realize further growth

Agglomeration Economies and Entrepreneurship in the ICT Industry

In this study indicators of agglomeration economies and their effect on entrepreneurship in the ICT industry are analysed in diverse urban contexts. Agglomeration economies have a stronger impact on new firm formation than on the growth of incumbent firms. Concentration and diversity both have a positive effect on new firm formation as well as on the growth of incumbent firms, while competition only has a positive effect on new firm formation. It is especially the effects of industrial diversity that are revealed to be sensitive to urban contexts: positive effects on new firm formation are attached to the connected cities and to the highly urbanized Randstad, and positive effects on firm growth to the intermediate zone, the connected cities and urban municipalities

Линейные дифференциальные игры с разнотипными интегральными ограничениями

Рассмотрены линейные дифференциальные игры с интегральными ограничениями на управления игроков и с фиксированным временем окончания. Условия полного выметания, сформулированные для случая геометрических ограничений, перенесены на случай интегральных ограничений. Догоняющий игрок строит свое управление, зная управление убегающего, а убегающий в каждый момент времени использует информацию о действиях противника в прошлом.Розглянуто лінійні диференціальні ігри з інтегральними обмеженнями на керування гравців з фіксованим часом закінчення. Умови повного вимітання, що були сформульовані для випадку геометричних обмежень, перенесено на випадок інтегральних обмежень. Доганяючий гравець будує своє керування, знаючи керування втікача, а утікач, в кожний момент часу використовує інформацію про дії супротивника в минулому.The linear differential game with integral restriction on players’ controls with fixed finishing time are considered in this paper. Соnditions of full sweepness that were formulated for the geometric restrictions case are transformed to integral restrictions case. Pursuer builds its control knowing escaper’s control, but escaper uses information about action of opponent in past in each moment of time

Outcome measures for complex regional pain syndrome type I: an overview in the context of the international classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps.

PURPOSE: To determine the availability of relevant and objective outcome measures concerning complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) for rehabilitation medicine. METHOD: Outcome measures were classified according to the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps. For each outcome measure a description of concept, operationalization into variables and instrument was given. We performed a PUBMED MEDLINE search (1980-1998) using the following keywords: complex regional pain syndrome, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, impairment, disability, handicap, (long-term) outcome and effect/efficacy. RESULTS: Most outcome measures were concentrated on impairments, whereas measures at the level of disabilities and handicaps, the most relevant levels for rehabilitation medicine, were mentioned in very few studies. Objective outcome measures were merely found at the level of impairment. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a need for the development of relevant outcome measures at the level of disabilities and handicaps that can objectively measure treatment efficacy for CRPS I