4,035 research outputs found
Many-body theory of electronic transport in single-molecule heterojunctions
A many-body theory of molecular junction transport based on nonequilibrium
Green's functions is developed, which treats coherent quantum effects and
Coulomb interactions on an equal footing. The central quantity of the many-body
theory is the Coulomb self-energy matrix of the junction.
is evaluated exactly in the sequential tunneling limit, and
the correction due to finite tunneling width is evaluated self-consistently
using a conserving approximation based on diagrammatic perturbation theory on
the Keldysh contour. Our approach reproduces the key features of both the
Coulomb blockade and coherent transport regimes simultaneously in a single
unified transport theory. As a first application of our theory, we have
calculated the thermoelectric power and differential conductance spectrum of a
benzenedithiol-gold junction using a semi-empirical -electron Hamiltonian
that accurately describes the full spectrum of electronic excitations of the
molecule up to 8--10eV.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
Correlated charge polarization in a chain of coupled quantum dots
Coherent charge transfer in a linear array of tunnel-coupled quantum dots,
electrostatically coupled to external gates, is investigated using the Bethe
ansatz for a symmetrically biased Hubbard chain. Charge polarization in this
correlated system is shown to proceed via two distinct processes: formation of
bound states in the metallic phase, and charge transfer processes corresponding
to a superposition of antibound states at opposite ends of the chain in the
Mott-insulating phase. The polarizability in the insulating phase of the chain
exhibits a universal scaling behavior, while the polarization charge in the
metallic phase of the model is shown to be quantized in units of .Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Fit for work? Health, employability and challenges for the UK welfare reform agenda
This article introduces a special issue of Policy Studies entitled āFit for work? Health, employability and challenges for the UK welfare reform agendaā. Growing from a shared concern over the need to expand the evidence base around the processes that led to large numbers of people claiming disability benefits in the UK, it brings together contributions from leading labour market and social policy researchers providing evidence and commentary on major reforms to Incapacity Benefit (IB) in the UK. This special issue address three key questions: what are the main causes of the long-term rise in the number of people claiming IBs; what will reduce the number of claimants; and what is likely to deliver policy effectively and efficiently? This introduction first explains and examines the challenges to reforms to IB in the UK, and then, in conclusion, highlights the answers to the previous three questions ā first, labour market restructuring and marginalisation have driven the rise in numbers claiming IBs. Second, economic regeneration in the Britainās less prosperous areas coupled with intensive and sustained supply-side support measures will bring numbers down. Third, delivery need to be flexible and tailored to individual needs and needs to be able to access local and expert knowledge in a range of organisations, including Job Centre Plus, the NHS as well as the private and voluntary sectors
Transport Properties of One-Dimensional Hubbard Models
We present results for the zero and finite temperature Drude weight D(T) and
for the Meissner fraction of the attractive and the repulsive Hubbard model, as
well as for the model with next nearest neighbor repulsion. They are based on
Quantum Monte Carlo studies and on the Bethe ansatz. We show that the Drude
weight is well defined as an extrapolation on the imaginary frequency axis,
even for finite temperature. The temperature, filling, and system size
dependence of D is obtained. We find counterexamples to a conjectured
connection of dissipationless transport and integrability of lattice models.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures. Published versio
Adaptive Physiology at a local scale, and implications for species distribution models under climate change scenarios.
In heterogeneous environments, individuals experience different combinations of physical and biological pressures over small spatial scales. For many marine organisms with limited adult mobility, but planktonic dispersal, localised adaptation may occur over an organism's life cycle through acclimation. Understanding the plasticity of physiology through acclimation is vital in predicting species' vulnerability to climate change. In this study we assessed local conditions on four sections (<500 m apart) of a tropical rocky shore to determine whether differences in local conditions affect the physiology of the limpet, Cellana grata. Shore sections differed in aspect, exposure and topography, and in biological characteristics such as levels of competition (grazer density) and facilitation (barnacle cover). Using a bootstrapped principal component analysis, we demonstrated that sections of shore differed significantly in terms of the relative contributions of the multiple variables measured. As a measure of physiological acclimation, detachment temperatures of limpets from each site were measured in the laboratory and higher detachment temperatures were found in limpets from shore sections with greater physical stress and lower biological stress. These results demonstrate that physiological limits can acclimate to local conditions over short temporal scales and uniform physiology should not be assumed in species distribution or climate change models
Reimagining laboratoryābased immunology education in the time of COVIDā19
The pandemic has brought challenges to teaching lab and research skills. Here Nigel Francis and colleagues explore the diverse approaches taken to replace lab-based immunology teaching, explain how networks of educators have driven this innovation and discuss the importance of retaining best practice into the future
Control of quantum interference in molecular junctions: Understanding the origin of Fano and anti- resonances
We investigate within a coarse-grained model the conditions leading to the
appearance of Fano resonances or anti-resonances in the conductance spectrum of
a generic molecular junction with a side group (T-junction). By introducing a
simple graphical representation (parabolic diagram), we can easily visualize
the relation between the different electronic parameters determining the
regimes where Fano resonances or anti-resonances in the low-energy conductance
spectrum can be expected. The results obtained within the coarse-grained model
are validated using density-functional based quantum transport calculations in
realistic T-shaped molecular junctions.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
An Axiomatic Setup for Algorithmic Homological Algebra and an Alternative Approach to Localization
In this paper we develop an axiomatic setup for algorithmic homological
algebra of Abelian categories. This is done by exhibiting all existential
quantifiers entering the definition of an Abelian category, which for the sake
of computability need to be turned into constructive ones. We do this
explicitly for the often-studied example Abelian category of finitely presented
modules over a so-called computable ring , i.e., a ring with an explicit
algorithm to solve one-sided (in)homogeneous linear systems over . For a
finitely generated maximal ideal in a commutative ring we
show how solving (in)homogeneous linear systems over can be
reduced to solving associated systems over . Hence, the computability of
implies that of . As a corollary we obtain the computability
of the category of finitely presented -modules as an Abelian
category, without the need of a Mora-like algorithm. The reduction also yields,
as a by-product, a complexity estimation for the ideal membership problem over
local polynomial rings. Finally, in the case of localized polynomial rings we
demonstrate the computational advantage of our homologically motivated
alternative approach in comparison to an existing implementation of Mora's
algorithm.Comment: Fixed a typo in the proof of Lemma 4.3 spotted by Sebastian Posu
Coherent Resonant Tunneling Through an Artificial Molecule
Coherent resonant tunneling through an artificial molecule of quantum dots in
an inhomogeneous magnetic field is investigated using an extended Hubbard
model. Both the multiterminal conductance of an array of quantum dots and the
persistent current of a quantum dot molecule embedded in an Aharanov-Bohm ring
are calculated. The conductance and persistent current are calculated
analytically for the case of a double quantum dot and numerically for larger
arrays using a multi-terminal Breit-Wigner type formula, which allows for the
explicit inclusion of inelastic processes. Cotunneling corrections to the
persistent current are also investigated, and it is shown that the sign of the
persistent current on resonance may be used to determine the spin quantum
numbers of the ground state and low-lying excited states of an artificial
molecule. An inhomogeneous magnetic field is found to strongly suppress
transport due to pinning of the spin-density-wave ground state of the system,
and giant magnetoresistance is predicted to result from the ferromagnetic
transition induced by a uniform external magnetic field.Comment: 23 pages, 12 figure
Kondo Resonance in a Mesoscopic Ring Coupled to a Quantum Dot: Exact Results for the Aharonov-Bohm/Casher Effects
We study the persistent currents induced by both the Aharonov-Bohm and
Aharonov-Casher effects in a one-dimensional mesoscopic ring coupled to a
side-branch quantum dot at Kondo resonance. For privileged values of the
Aharonov-Bohm-Casher fluxes, the problem can be mapped onto an integrable
model, exactly solvable by a Bethe ansatz. In the case of a pure magnetic
Aharonov-Bohm flux, we find that the presence of the quantum dot has no effect
on the persistent current. In contrast, the Kondo resonance interferes with the
spin-dependent Aharonov-Casher effect to induce a current which, in the
strong-coupling limit, is independent of the number of electrons in the ring.Comment: Replaced with published version; 5 page
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