Classroom Practices and Perspective Transformation in an Adult Elementary Spanish Classroom

The purpose of this research was to explore students\u27 experiences of perspective transformation and the classroom practices contributing to that transformation in a first-semester, college Spanish class. Purposeful sampling was used to choose a college-level Elementary Spanish I class to study. The qualitative case study design required the collection of three kinds of data: 1) participant observation in the classroom, 2) student learning journals, and 3) one-on-one interviews conducted with eight students purposefully sampled from the class. The criterion for selecting interview participants was evidence in the participant observation and learning journal data of the early stages of perspective transformation. The participant observation data provided a description of the classroom setting and the instructional techniques therein. Six classroom practices were identified as characteristic of the classroom: 1) direct grammar instruction, 2) English as the primary language of instruction, 3) small-group oral language practice, 4) sidebars on culture and society, 5) learning journals, and 6) the viewing and analysis of a film. Analysis of the learning journals and one-on-one interviews with the researcher revealed multiple categories of learning reported by students, of which three were determined most likely to be indicators of perspective transformation: 1) learning about differences, 2) learning about connections, and 3) learning about learning. Additionally, the four instructional techniques reported as most important for these categories of learning were 1) sidebars on culture and society, 2) the viewing and analysis of the film, 3) small-group oral production, and 4) learning journals. In addition to the categories of learning and instruction, analysis of the interview data revealed that the the impact of participants\u27 transformative learning was 1) increased openness to language and/or culture and 2) desire for real-world contact with the language and/or culture

Evaluation of Dental Scalers

The current state of the dental industry shows an increasing number of dentists and dental hygienists who are reducing hours and retiring early due to the injuries sustained while working. These injuries, or cumulative trauma disorders, can be reduced by applying ergonomics in dental tool design. An experiment was designed to test a new dental scaler (A) made of a titanium rod with added compressibility in the precision grip area. The experiment utilized a Hu-Friedy sickle scaler (B) and a Practicon Montana Jack scaler (C) as controls to show two design spectrums, weight and material. The subjects (n=23) were taught the basics of scaling and required to scale using a typodont. The change in grip strength (Δ GS), pinch strength (Δ PS), and steadiness of the subject’s hand were tested. An absolute and relative rating technique was utilized pinpointing that the new dental scaler was preferred with the eigenvector (A=0.8615, B=0.1279, C=0.0106). Statistical analysis confirmed this tool preference while also finding the interaction of gender and tool and Δ GS Tool A versus Tool B for males to be significant

Public health nutrition: identifying models and effective approaches to workforce development.

This literature review has drawn on published literature, reports and expert knowledge to identify models and effective approaches to workforce development for the nutrition, primary health care and other relevant non-health sector workforces. The review next illustrates the three approaches to workforce development using case study examples, and it discusses the lessons for public health nutrition workforce development

Preventing overweight and obesity in young children: synthesising the evidence for management and policy making

Today, 3.24 million Australians are estimated to be obese. Without effective preventative programs, particularly among young children, this figure could rise to 7.2 million by 2025. This review provides practical information on successful and/or promising interventions that strengthen the primary health care response, through the promotion of healthy weight among young children aged two to six years. It reviews the policy implications of implementing these in different settings.The research reported in this paper is a project of the Australian Primary Health Care Research Institute, which is supported by a grant from the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing under the Primary Health Care Research, Evaluation and Development Strategy

Sustainability of evidence-based healthcare: Research agenda, methodological advances, and infrastructure support

BACKGROUND: Little is known about how well or under what conditions health innovations are sustained and their gains maintained once they are put into practice. Implementation science typically focuses on uptake by early adopters of one healthcare innovation at a time. The later-stage challenges of scaling up and sustaining evidence-supported interventions receive too little attention. This project identifies the challenges associated with sustainability research and generates recommendations for accelerating and strengthening this work. METHODS: A multi-method, multi-stage approach, was used: (1) identifying and recruiting experts in sustainability as participants, (2) conducting research on sustainability using concept mapping, (3) action planning during an intensive working conference of sustainability experts to expand the concept mapping quantitative results, and (4) consolidating results into a set of recommendations for research, methodological advances, and infrastructure building to advance understanding of sustainability. Participants comprised researchers, funders, and leaders in health, mental health, and public health with shared interest in the sustainability of evidence-based health care. RESULTS: Prompted to identify important issues for sustainability research, participants generated 91 distinct statements, for which a concept mapping process produced 11 conceptually distinct clusters. During the conference, participants built upon the concept mapping clusters to generate recommendations for sustainability research. The recommendations fell into three domains: (1) pursue high priority research questions as a unified agenda on sustainability; (2) advance methods for sustainability research; (3) advance infrastructure to support sustainability research. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation science needs to pursue later-stage translation research questions required for population impact. Priorities include conceptual consistency and operational clarity for measuring sustainability, developing evidence about the value of sustaining interventions over time, identifying correlates of sustainability along with strategies for sustaining evidence-supported interventions, advancing the theoretical base and research designs for sustainability research, and advancing the workforce capacity, research culture, and funding mechanisms for this important work

The Impact of Warm Pool El Nino Events on Antarctic Ozone

Warm pool El Nino (WPEN) events are characterized by positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific in austral spring and summer. Previous work found an enhancement in planetary wave activity in the South Pacific in austral spring, and a warming of 3-5 K in the Antarctic lower stratosphere during austral summer, in WPEN events as compared with ENSO neutral. In this presentation, we show that weakening of the Antarctic vortex during WPEN affects the structure and magnitude of high-latitude total ozone. We use total ozone data from TOMS and OMI, as well as station data from Argentina and Antarctica, to identify shifts in the longitudinal location of the springtime ozone minimum from its climatological position. In addition, we examine the sensitivity of the WPEN-related ozone response to the phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). We then compare the observed response to WPEN events with Goddard Earth Observing System chemistry-climate model, version 2 (GEOS V2 CCM) simulations. Two, 50-year time-slice simulations are forced by annually repeating SST and sea ice climatologies, one set representing observed WPEN events and the second set representing neutral ENSO events, in a present-day climate. By comparing the two simulations, we isolate the impact of WPEN events on lower stratospheric ozone, and furthermore, examine the sensitivity of the WPEN ozone response to the phase of the QBO

Impact of extra-curricular activities on adolescents\u27 connectedness and cigarette smoking: final report

In Australia, cigarette smoking is still the leading cause of preventable death and yet in the past 10 years, despite efforts that have been made in the classroom and through the media, there have been limited reductions in adolescent smoking. The Extra-curricular Project builds on the work of two other projects conducted by researchers from the Child Health Promotion Research Centre (CHPRC). The Smoking Cessation for Youth Project (SCYP), conducted by the Western Australian Centre for Health Promotion Research, led to the identification of connectedness as a key mediator of cigarette smoking. The role of extra-curricular activities in mediating school connectedness was explored in the subsequent formative evaluation (conducted by the CHPRC) which was used to inform the Extra-curricular Project, and identified a range of benefits for students who participate in extracurricular activities through increasing school connectedness

Marital status and its effect on lung cancer survival

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if marital status, including specific types of single status categories, is associated with length of survival in lung cancer patients. Methods Data from the 1996–2007 Florida Cancer Data System were linked with Agency for Health Care Administration data and U.S. Census data. Patients with both small cell and non-small cell lung cancer were identified (n = 161,228). Marital status was characterized by married, widowed, separated/divorced, and never married. We compared median survival time and 1, 3, and 5-year post diagnosis survival rates. Results Overall, 54.6% were married, 19.1% were widowed, 13.5% were separated/divorced, and 12.7% had never married. Median survival in months was longest for married (9.9) and widowed (7.7) patients, and shortest for never married (4.9) and separated/divorced (4.1) patients. Five-year survival rates were 14.2% for married, 10.7% for widowed, 8.9% for separated/divorced, and 8.4% for never married. In univariate Cox regression, marital status was a significant predictor of better survival for married (HR = 0.70; p &lt; 0.001) and widowed (HR = 0.81; p &lt; 0.001) patients compared with never married patients, but worse for separated/divorced patients (HR = 1.03; p = 0.003). Multivariate models demonstrated sustained survival benefits for married (HR = 0.86; p &lt; 0.001) and widowed (HR = 0.88; p &lt; 0.001) patients, and detriments for separated/divorced patients (HR = 1.05; p &lt; 0.001) after adjusting for extensive confounders including demographics; tumor stage, grade, and morphology; comorbidities; treatment; and smoking status. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that married or widowed lung cancer patients have better survival compared to patients who were never married or separated/divorced. Research to understand the mechanism of this effect, and how the beneficial effect can be extended to those who have never married or have had the marital relationship severed through divorce or separation is needed. </jats:sec