Weighted mean effect of exercise modulating depressive symptoms by type of cancer.

<p><b>NOTE:</b> Weighted mean effect size values (<i>d₊</i>) are negative when the exercise intervention was successful in reducing depression compare to standard care.</p><p><i>k</i>, number of studies.</p>a<p>37 studies provided 40 total effect size estimates.</p>b<p>24 studies provided 26 total effect size estimates.</p>c<p>Significance implies rejection of the hypothesis of homogeneity and the inference of heterogeneity.</p

Characteristics related to depressive symptoms change for all cancer survivors.

<p><b>NOTE:</b> Weighted mean effect size values (<i>d₊</i>) are negative when the exercise intervention reduced depression compared to the control group.</p>a<p>Levels represent values of interest of each moderator; in these models, continuous variables were represented in their continuous form; the estimates adjust for the other moderators in the model.</p>b<p><i>d</i>₊ and their 95% CI estimates statistically adjust for the presence of the rest of the moderators in the fixed-effects model, including weekly minutes of exercise×PEDro interaction and their independent linear terms, supervision of exercise, quadratic and linear trends for age, held constant at their means except for the study dimension in question.</p>c<p>β values are standardized.</p>d<p>This is a continuous×continuous interaction. We chose to report PEDro scores of 5 and 10 to highlight the variability along the continuous distribution of PEDro scores, those of very high quality (i.e., 10) versus those of low quality (i.e., 5).</p>e<p>β for interaction. Independent β: weekly aerobic volume, β = −0.09; PEDro methodological score, β = −0.28.</p>f<p>Continuous quadratic trend including linear component.</p

Flow diagram of exercise intervention identification and selection.

<p>Flow diagram of exercise intervention identification and selection.</p