Immunogenicity of tumour cells modified with various chemicals.

Mouse tumour cells were treated with various chemical modifiers. The number of modifying groups per cell was determined with labelled reagents. The effects of the different modifying groups on the immunogenicity of the tumour cells was tested in syngeneic mice for tumour protection using a challenge dose of viable cells at 1000 or 10,000 time LD100. Best protection was obtained after immunization of animals with tumour cells modified with dimethylsulphate or acetic anhydride, or with glutardialdehyde-fixed cells treated with a carbodiimide and methylamine. Up to 40% of the animals remained tumour-free. The other animals exhibited a greatly increased mean survival time. The post-challenge sera showed no detectable amounts of antibodies against the tumour cells

Chemical modification and immunogenicity of membrane fractions from mouse tumour cells.

A crude membrane fraction isolated from mouse tumour cells was treated with various chemicals. The effects on the immunogenicity of the membrane sample were tested in syngeneic mice for tumour protection, using a challenge dose of 10(5) viable tumour cells. Best protection was obtained after immunization of mice with a membrane sample modified with dimethylsulphate. Up to 60% of the animals remained tumour free, and the tumour-bearing animals showed a greatly increased mean survival time. The post-challenge sera contained no detectable amounts of cytotoxic antibodies. The membrane sample isolated from tumour cells which had been modified with dimethylsulphate showed less immunogenicity than the modified cells or the membrane fraction from unmodified cells

Visual Dependency and Dizziness after Vestibular Neuritis

Symptomatic recovery after acute vestibular neuritis (VN) is variable, with around 50% of patients reporting long term vestibular symptoms; hence, it is essential to identify factors related to poor clinical outcome. Here we investigated whether excessive reliance on visual input for spatial orientation (visual dependence) was associated with long term vestibular symptoms following acute VN. Twenty-eight patients with VN and 25 normal control subjects were included. Patients were enrolled at least 6 months after acute illness. Recovery status was not a criterion for study entry, allowing recruitment of patients with a full range of persistent symptoms. We measured visual dependence with a laptop-based Rod-and-Disk Test and severity of symptoms with the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). The third of patients showing the worst clinical outcomes (mean DHI score 36–80) had significantly greater visual dependence than normal subjects (6.35° error vs. 3.39° respectively, p = 0.03). Asymptomatic patients and those with minor residual symptoms did not differ from controls. Visual dependence was associated with high levels of persistent vestibular symptoms after acute VN. Over-reliance on visual information for spatial orientation is one characteristic of poorly recovered vestibular neuritis patients. The finding may be clinically useful given that visual dependence may be modified through rehabilitation desensitization techniques

A framework for deriving semantic web services

Web service-based development represents an emerging approach for the development of distributed information systems. Web services have been mainly applied by software practitioners as a means to modularize system functionality that can be offered across a network (e.g., intranet and/or the Internet). Although web services have been predominantly developed as a technical solution for integrating software systems, there is a more business-oriented aspect that developers and enterprises need to deal with in order to benefit from the full potential of web services in an electronic market. This ‘ignored’ aspect is the representation of the semantics underlying the services themselves as well as the ‘things’ that the services manage. Currently languages like the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) provide the syntactic means to describe web services, but lack in providing a semantic underpinning. In order to harvest all the benefits of web services technology, a framework has been developed for deriving business semantics from syntactic descriptions of web services. The benefits of such a framework are two-fold. Firstly, the framework provides a way to gradually construct domain ontologies from previously defined technical services. Secondly, the framework enables the migration of syntactically defined web services toward semantic web services. The study follows a design research approach which (1) identifies the problem area and its relevance from an industrial case study and previous research, (2) develops the framework as a design artifact and (3) evaluates the application of the framework through a relevant scenario

Hypergraph model of social tagging networks

The past few years have witnessed the great success of a new family of paradigms, so-called folksonomy, which allows users to freely associate tags to resources and efficiently manage them. In order to uncover the underlying structures and user behaviors in folksonomy, in this paper, we propose an evolutionary hypergrah model to explain the emerging statistical properties. The present model introduces a novel mechanism that one can not only assign tags to resources, but also retrieve resources via collaborative tags. We then compare the model with a real-world dataset: \emph{Del.icio.us}. Indeed, the present model shows considerable agreement with the empirical data in following aspects: power-law hyperdegree distributions, negtive correlation between clustering coefficients and hyperdegrees, and small average distances. Furthermore, the model indicates that most tagging behaviors are motivated by labeling tags to resources, and tags play a significant role in effectively retrieving interesting resources and making acquaintance with congenial friends. The proposed model may shed some light on the in-depth understanding of the structure and function of folksonomy.Comment: 7 pages,7 figures, 32 reference

DMPP-4: Candidate sub-Neptune mass planets orbiting a naked-eye star

We present radial velocity measurements of the very bright ($V\sim5.7$) nearby F star, DMPP-4 (HD 184960). The anomalously low Ca II H&K emission suggests mass loss from planets orbiting a low activity host star. Periodic radial velocity variability with $\sim 10$ ms$^{-1}$ amplitude is found to persist over a $>4$ year timescale. Although the non-simultaneous photometric variability in four TESS sectors supports the view of an inactive star, we identify periodic photometric signals and also find spectroscopic evidence for stellar activity. We used a posterior sampling algorithm that includes the number of Keplerian signals, $N_\textrm{p}$, as a free parameter to test and compare (1) purely Keplerian models (2) a Keplerian model with linear activity correlation and (3) Keplerian models with Gaussian processes. A preferred model, with one Keplerian and quasi-periodic Gaussian process indicates a planet with a period of $P_\textrm{b} = 3.4982^{+0.0015}_{-0.0027}$ d and corresponding minimum mass of $m_\textrm{b}\,\textrm{sin}\,i = 12.2^{+1.8}_{-1.9}$ M$_\oplus$. Without further high time resolution observations over a longer timescale, we cannot definitively rule out the purely Keplerian model with 2 candidates planets with $P_\textrm{b} = 2.4570^{+0.0026}_{-0.0462}$ d, minimum mass $m_\textrm{b}\,\textrm{sin}\,i = 8.0^{+1.1}_{-1.5}$ M$_\oplus$ and $P_\textrm{c} = 5.4196^{+0.6766}_{-0.0030}$ d and corresponding minimum mass of $m_\textrm{b}\,\textrm{sin}\,i = 12.2^{+1.4}_{-1.6}$ M$_\oplus$. The candidate planets lie in the region below the lower-envelope of the Neptune Desert. Continued mass loss may originate from the highly irradiated planets or from an as yet undetected body in the system.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

First-principles study of As interstitials in GaAs: Convergence, relaxation, and formation energy

Convergence of density-functional supercell calculations for defect formation energies, charge transition levels, localized defect state properties, and defect atomic structure and relaxation is investigated using the arsenic split interstitial in GaAs as an example. Supercells containing up to 217 atoms and a variety of {\bf k}-space sampling schemes are considered. It is shown that a good description of the localized defect state dispersion and charge state transition levels requires at least a 217-atom supercell, although the defect structure and atomic relaxations can be well converged in a 65-atom cell. Formation energies are calculated for the As split interstitial, Ga vacancy, and As antisite defects in GaAs, taking into account the dependence upon chemical potential and Fermi energy. It is found that equilibrium concentrations of As interstitials will be much lower than equilibrium concentrations of As antisites in As-rich, $n$-type or semi-insulating GaAs.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure