微生物の発泡による物質輸送

要約のみTohoku University石川拓司課

Parallel Page Rank Algorithms: A Survey

The PageRank method is an important and basic component in effective web search to compute the rank score of each page. The exponential growth of the Internet makes a crucial challenges for search engines to provide up-to-date and relevant user?s query search results within time period. The PageRank method computed on huge number of web pages and this is computation intensive task. In this paper, we provide the basic concept of PageRank method and discuss some Parallel PageRank methods. We also compare some Parallel algorithmic concepts like load balance, distributed vs. shared memory and data layout on these algorithms

Controlling the size distribution of nanoparticles through the use of physical boundaries during laser ablation in liquids

A simple, yet effective method of controlling the size and size distributions of nanoparticles produced as a result of laser ablation of target material is presented. The method employs the presence of physical boundaries on either sides of the ablation site. In order to demonstrate the potential of the method, experiments have been conducted with copper and titanium as the target materials that are placed in two different liquid media (water and isopropyl alcohol). The ablation of the target material immersed in the liquid medium has been carried out using an Nd:YAG laser. Significant differences in the size and size distributions are observed in the cases of nanoparticles produced with and without confining boundaries. It is seen that for any given liquid medium and the target material, the mean size of the nanoparticles obtained with the boundary-fitted target surface is consistently higher than that achieved in the case of open (flat) targets. The observed trend has been attributed to the plausible role(s) of the confining boundaries in prolonging the thermalisation time of the plasma plume. In order to ascertain that the observed differences in sizes of the nanoparticles produced with and without the presence of the physical barriers are predominantly because of the prolonged thermalisation of the plasma plume and not due to the possible formation of oxide layer, select experiments with gold as the target material in water have also been performed. The experiments also show that, irrespective of the liquid medium, the increase in the mean size of the copper-based nanoparticles due to the presence of physical boundaries is relatively higher than that observed in the case of titanium target material under similar experimental conditions.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, a part of this work has been published in Photonics Prague 2017, (Proc. SPIE 10603, Photonics, Devices, and Systems VII, 1060304) titled "A novel method for fabrication of size-controlled metallic nanoparticles

Time scaled modulated signal and its variation in real saturated time shifted communication strategies

This paper explores those standards through which Time Scaled modulated signal can be applied in different communication strategies depending on the frequency and phase of the amplitude. It is necessary to tackle physical topology challenges and to adequately use a limited platform. We should take a simple scaled signal and generate quality and compare it with theoretical values to applaud the traditional values. We have signal statistics that are unknown and varying in real-time implementations. We have signal statistics that are unknown and changing throughout time. Therefore if we try to time-stretch the signal by making it faster, we do not have the ability to grab the future frames which makes speeding up the signal impossible. However in order to slow down the signal we are simply, in some cases, repeating parts of the known signal, therefore time-stretching used to decrease the speed of signal

CERTAIN AMINO ACIDS ARE POTENT FISH-FUNGICIDES

The potential fungicidal abilities of L-cysteine, L-valine, L-phenylalanine, L-methionine, L-alanine and L-isoleucine have been tested in vitro on five fish pathogenic watermoulds, four of Saprolegniaceae, viz., Achlya orion Coker & Couch, Aphanomyces laevis deBary, Dictyuchus sterile Coker, Saprolegnia diclina Humphrey; and one Blastocladiaceae, viz., Allomyces arbuscula Butler. The lowest concentration having fungicidal ability has been found to be 0.25%. Tolerance tests have also been conducted using Colisa lalius Hamilton and Channa punctata Bloch as test fishes and 0.25% has been recommended as Fungicidal Non-Toxic Concentration (FNTC) for the applicability of these amino acids as fish-fungicides

A view-based approach for the reconstruction of optical properties of turbid media

A view-based approach for the computation of updates of optical parameters of a turbid medium is discussed. The approach differs from conventionally employed reconstruction techniques in terms of implementation of the computed updates. Simulation studies in frequency domain for tissue phantoms approximated by slab geometry have been presented. Results of the study show that the proposed inversion scheme, wherein the projection data corresponding to each view has been handled individually, works well in predicting the presence of an inhomogeneity. A comparison with the reconstruction results of conventionally employed inversion schemes involving simultaneous handling of projection data from all the view angles shows that the accuracy of the proposed scheme in predicting the presence of single inhomogeneity is higher and the reconstruction is also relatively free of artifacts. On the other hand, in the presence of multiple inhomogeneities, though the simultaneous handling of all the views gives better reconstruction, the updates obtained by the proposed scheme can be employed as close a priori information about the approximate positions of the inhomogeneities, thereby reducing the overall dimension of the Jacobian matrix to be inverted and hence making the convergence faster

Estimation and Management of Performance Limiting Factors in the Development of 1 kW Peak Power Pulsed Fiber MOPA at 1550 nm

An all-fiber three-stage master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA), based on Erbium and Erbium-Ytterbium co-doped fibers, has been designed and developed. The performance of such a laser is primarily limited by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), Yb bottlenecking, and non-linear effects. Other important factors, that need to be considered towards performance improvement, are fiber bend diameter and heat generated in the fiber. This paper describes the methodology for the estimation and management of these limiting factors for each amplifier stage. The work presented here is limited to the fibers which are commercially easily available, unlike customised Yb- free large mode area (LMA) Erbium-doped fibers, where very high peak and average powers are being reported due to the absence of Yb ASE. Presented experimental results and discussion shall be beneficial for the fiber laser amplifier designers. With suitable management, 1 kW peak power pulses of 30 ns duration at 200 kHz repetition rate have been achieved with 30 % optical efficiency. The collimated output of 6 W average power (limited by Yb ASE) with high beam quality (M2 ≈ 1.6) at 1550 nm can be employed for a variety of applications. By adding additional amplifier stages, power can be scaled further

Knowledge and child care practices regarding childhood diarrhoea- A cross sectional study

Background: Diarrhea still continues to be a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality and holds the second rank (after pneumonia) for mortality in children < 5 years of age. The majority of these deaths can be avoided by timely intervention. The knowledge of caretakers about the severity of diarrheal illness ultimately affects the choice for childcare practices and influences the type of therapies received.  Objectives: To assess the various aspect of maternal knowledge about diarrhea in under-five age children. To determine the child care practices of mothers during diarrheal episodes.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out from February to May 2014. 5 villages were selected by systematic random sampling method in rural field training area of medical college. A self-designed and pre-tested structured questionnaire was used as study tool which covers different aspect of knowledge and childcare practices by mothers/caretakers regarding diarrhea. Overall responses of participants were scored as good, average and poor for assessment of knowledge and practice.  Results: Total 972 mother/caretakers were interviewed. Most of the mothers/caretakers (62.1%) were in favor of giving of breast milk as preferred oral fluid during diarrheal episode. Nearly one fourth of mothers/caretakers (26.1%) identify symptoms and signs of "dehydration" and the need for consultation. During diarrheal episodes less amount of food and fluid was given by 49.9% and 20.4% mothers/caretaker respectively. The higher level educated and employed mothers had better practices (P < 0.001) Conclusion: The study showed that knowledge and childcare practices for diarrhea still remains a great challenge among the rural population. This could be only deals with improvement in female literacy and to develop and implement diarrhea related educational interventions for mothers/caretakers