Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: An uncommon cause of inferior vena caval obstruction

Venous leiomyosarcomas are rare neoplasms usually afflicting the inferior vena cava. They usually present with abdominal pain, and an abdominal mass with features of IVC obstruction. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential, because radical surgery offers the only hope of prolonged survival. Imaging combined with guided biopsies forms the mainstay of reliable presurgical diagnosis. We describe a 48-year-old woman with leiomyosarcoma of the hepatic segment of the IVC, who presented with features of IVC obstruction. The imaging features of the tumor are described with a review of the current literature

Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients

Context: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) represent a high-risk population but were grossly underrepresented in COVID-19 vaccination trials. Aims: The aim was to study the immunogenicity of two COVID-19 vaccines (Covaxin and Covishield) among KTRs. Subjects and Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study among KTRs who consented to receive two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine – either Covaxin or Covishield. Patients who underwent kidney transplant during the previous 6 months or had received antirejection therapy during the previous 1 month were excluded from the study. Antibody titers to the spike protein of COVID-19 were measured at baseline and at 4 weeks after the second dose of the vaccine. Statistical Analysis: A univariate analysis was performed in the subgroup of patients who were seronegative at baseline, to identify factors that were associated with seroconversion. The Chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables, and the Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare continuous variables. P 250 U/mL. Conclusions: Among KTRs who were seronegative at baseline, a seroconversion rate of 34.5% was demonstrated after two doses of Covaxin or Covishield