rac-6-Eth­oxy-3,3a,4,9b-tetra­hydro-1,3-diphenyl-1H-chromeno[4,3-c]isoxazole-3a-carbonitrile

The title compound, C25H22N2O3, with three stereogenic centres, crystallizes in a centrosymmetric space group as a racemate. The pyran ring adopts a sofa conformation and the five-membered isoxazole ring exhibits an envelope conformation. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the mean plane through the near coplanar atoms of the pyran ring is 10.54 (9)°. In the crystal, no significant intermolecular interactions are observed

Water Management in the Noyyal River Basin A Situation Analysis

The Noyyal sub-basin, which is 3510 sq km in area, is part of the Cauvery basin that lies in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is a rapidly urbanizing sub-basin that includes the Class I cities of Coimbatore and Tiruppur as well as 84 smaller urban settlements. Water issues in this basin have been the focus of much public debate and action over the last two decades. Most of the debate, triggered by farmer agitations and court cases, has focused on the question of water pollution; water scarcity and sustainability issues have received relatively little attention. Recent bans on industrial effluent discharge into the Noyyal, as well as changes in water supply infrastructure, watershed development activities, urban demand and agricultural water use have dramatically altered the future of the Noyyal River and merit follow-up studies. The purpose of this situation analysis is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding water resources management in the Noyyal sub-basin and identify critical knowledge gaps to inform water-related research in the basin. It is hoped that such an analysis will help those studying or working on water issues in the Noyyal, and also provide useful insights for other urbanizing basins

Silicone models as basic training and research aid in endovascular neurointervention—a single-center experience and review of the literature

The rapid development and wider use of neurointerventional procedures have increased the demand for a comprehensive training program for the trainees, in order to safely and efficiently perform these procedures. Artificial vascular models are one of the dynamic ways to train the new generation of neurointerventionists to acquire the basic skills of material handling, tool manipulation through the vasculature, and development of hand-eye coordination. Herein, the authors present their experience regarding a long-established training program and review the available literature on the advantages and disadvantages of vascular silicone model training. Additionally, they present the current research applications of silicone replicas in the neurointerventional arena

Autologous Immune Enhancement Therapy in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer with Metastases: A Case Report

Current therapeutic modalities for ovarian cancer such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery have been reported to yield only marginal success in improving survival rates of patients and have associated adverse effects. We report here a case of recurrent stage IV ovarian cancer, treated with cell-based autologous immune enhancement therapy (AIET) along with chemotherapy and followed up for 18 months. A 54-year-old female was diagnosed with a recurrence of ovarian carcinoma 1 year after initial surgical removal followed by chemotherapy for stage IIIC ovarian carcinoma. When diagnosed in 2010 with recurrence, she had liver and spleen metastases with a CA-125 level of 243 U/ml and a stage IV clinical status. Six infusions of AIET using autologous in vitro expanded and activated natural killer (NK) cells (CD3–CD56+) and activated T lymphocytes (CD3+CD56+) were administered in combination with 6 cycles of chemotherapy with carboplatin and doxorubicin. Following this treatment, CA-125 decreased to 4.7 U/ml along with regression of the metastatic lesions and an improved quality of life. No adverse reactions were reported after the AIET transfusions. Eighteen months of follow-up revealed a static nonprogressive disease. Combining AIET with chemotherapy and other conventional treatments has been found to be effective in our experience, as reported earlier, even in patients with advanced ovarian cancer, and we recommend this strategy be considered in treating similar cases

Silicone models as basic training and research aid in endovascular neurointervention-a single-center experience and review of the literature

The rapid development and wider use of neurointerventional procedures have increased the demand for a comprehensive training program for the trainees, in order to safely and efficiently perform these procedures. Artificial vascular models are one of the dynamic ways to train the new generation of neurointerventionists to acquire the basic skills of material handling, tool manipulation through the vasculature, and development of hand-eye coordination. Herein, the authors present their experience regarding a long-established training program and review the available literature on the advantages and disadvantages of vascular silicone model training. Additionally, they present the current research applications of silicone replicas in the neurointerventional arena

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of dyeing and printing workers

<b>Background:</b> Millions of workers are occupationally exposed to dyes in the world, but little is known about their knowledge and attitudes toward the effects of dye on their health. <b>Objectives:</b> The aim of this study was to assess the fabric dyers&#x2032; and fabric printers&#x2032; knowledge, attitude, and practice toward the health hazard of dyes. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The present study was taken up in the Madurai district which is situated in the Southern Tamil Nadu, India. One hundred and forty-two workers employed in small-scale dyeing and printing units participated in a face-to-face confidential interview <b>. Results:</b> The mean age of fabric dyers and fabric printers was 42 years (&#897;10.7). When enquired about whether dyes affect body organ(s), all the workers agreed that dye(s) will affect skin, but they were not aware that dyes could affect other parts of the body. All the workers believed that safe methods of handling of dyes and disposal of contaminated packaging used for dyes need to be considered. It was found that 34&#x0025; of the workers were using personal protective equipment (PPE) such as rubber hand gloves during work. <b>Conclusion:</b> The workers had knowledge regarding the occupational hazards, and their attitudinal approach toward the betterment of the work environment is positive

5-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoyl)-1-methyl-3-nitropyridin-2(1H)-one

In the title compound, C14H12N2O6, the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyridine rings is 65.90 (7)°. The nitro group is disordered and tilted with respect to the mean plane of the pyridine ring by 21.5 (4) and 22.8 (5)°, for the major and minor components, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [10-1]. The chains are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional framework. The crystal packing is further stabilized by offset π–π stacking interactions [intercentroid distance = 3.6291 (9) Å

rac-Methyl 3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3,3a,4,9b-tetrahydro-1H-chromeno[4,3-c]isoxazole-3a-carboxylate

The title compound, C25H23NO5, comprising two stereogenic carbon atoms of the same configuration, crystallizes in a centrosymmetric space group as a racemate. The six-membered pyran ring and the five-membered isoxazole ring adopt sofa and twisted conformations, respectively. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the mean plane through the near coplanar atoms of the pyran ring is 10.73&amp;#8197;(7)&amp;#176;. The crystal structure features C&amp;#8212;H...O hydrogen bonds

Structure of an acidic phospholipase A<SUB>2</SUB> from Indian saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) at 2.6 &#197; resolution reveals a novel intermolecular interaction

The crystal structure of an acidic phospholipase A2 from the venom of Echis carinatus (saw-scaled viper; scPLA2) has been determined at 2.6 &#197; resolution and refined to a crystallographic R factor of 0.192. Although the overall structure of scPLA2 is essentially similar to those of other group II acidic PLA2s from different species, it shows unique features in several parts. Particularly noteworthy is the C-terminal part, which folds differently to those of other group II PLA2s. This part is considered to be responsible for inhibition of the platelet-aggregation activity. The calcium-binding loop is tightly organized with sevenfold coordination. Another striking feature of scPLA2 is the involvement of Asn79 O&#948;1 of a symmetry-related molecule in a coordination linkage with Ca2+ of the calcium-binding loop. This is the first observation of an internal metal ion participating in an intermolecular interaction. The -wing of a molecule is deeply inserted into the hydrophobic channel of another molecule and forms several intermolecular interactions. This results in the formation of an infinite chain of molecules. These chains are stacked in an antiparallel arrangement in the crystals

Crystal structure of echicetin from Echis carinatus (Indian Saw-scaled viper) at 2.4 Å resolution

Echicetin is a heterodimeric protein from the venom of the Indian saw-scaled viper, Echis carinatus. It binds to platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) and thus inhibits platelet aggregation. It has two subunits, α and β, consisting of 131 and 123 amino acid residues, respectively. The two chains are linked with a disulphide bond. The level of amino acid sequence homology between two subunits is 50%. The protein was purified from the venom of E. carinatus and crystallized using ammonium sulphate as a precipitant. The crystal structure has been determined at 2.4 Å resolution and refined to an R-factor of 0.187. Overall dimensions of the heterodimer are ˜80 Å×35 Å×35 Å. The backbone folds of the two subunits are similar. The central portions of the polypeptide chains of a and β-subunits move into each other to form a tight dimeric association. The remaining portions of the chains of both subunits fold in a manner similar to those observed in the carbohydrate-binding domains of C-type lectins. In echicetin, the Ca2+-binding sites are not present, despite being topologically equivalent to other similar Ca2+-binding proteins of the superfamily. The residues Ser41, Glu43 and Glu47 in the calcium-binding proteins of the related family are conserved but the residues Glu126/120 are replaced by lysine at the corresponding sites in the α and β-subunits