On structure preserving quantisations

Maps of functions on classical phase space to quantum operators do not preserve the algebraic structure. After locating the algebraic reasons for it, the problem of quantisation is redefined and the Moyal bracket is discussed for its structure preservation. This quantisation entails the inclusion of Schwartz distributions to the space of classical functions

Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on mouse embryo fibroblasts: inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor deposition and interference with early events of serum-stimulated growth

Quiescent and serum-stimulated cultures of Swiss mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) showed alterations in cell morphology including an enlargement in size upon treatment with 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Treatment of MEF and monkey kidney epithelial cells (MK2) with 2% DMSO at the early periods of serum-stimulated growth inhibited RNA, protein and DNA synthesis. DMSO treatment of cells at late stages of serum-stimulated growth (MEF after 1 hr and MK2 cells after 3 hr of stimulation) had little effect on DNA and protein synthesis although cell enlargement occurred in these cells. When the [35S]methionine labelled proteins of the control and the DMSO treated cells were analysed by high resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, no apparent difference was observed in the pattern of intracellular proteins of these cells. In contrast, the extracellular levels of two serum-induced secreted proteins of MEF (Mr 48,000 and 26,000) were dramatically reduced by DMSO treatment. The DMSO sensitive 48 kDa protein was found to be the major component of the extracellular matrix, while the 26 kDa protein was not. The 48 kDa protein was identified as plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). Densitometric quantitation showed a gradual accumulation of this protein in the matrix of serum-stimulated cells. The deposition of this protein in the matrix was inhibited by DMSO. Flow-cytometric quantitation of indirect immunofluorescence indicated higher intracellular levels of the 48 kDa protein in fetal calf serum (FCS) + DMSO treated cells, suggesting that the low level of this protein in the medium of DMSO treated cells is probably due to lack of transport of this protein from the cells into the medium

Phase space formalisms of quantum mechanics with singular kernel

The equivalence of the Rivier-Margenau-Hill and Born-Jordan-Shankara phase space formalisms to the conventional operator approach of quantum mechanics is demonstrated. It is shown that in spite of the presence of singular kernels the mappings relating phase space functions and operators back and forth are possible.Comment: 15 pages, no figures, LATE

Dementia and Diabetes Mellitus: Association with Apolipoprotein E4 Polymorphism from a Hospital in Southern India

Objective. To evaluate the association of Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) with comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods. The study included subjects with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) (n = 209), individuals with non-Alzheimer's dementia (nAD) (n = 122), individuals with parental history of AD (f/hAD) (n = 70), and control individuals who had normal cognitive functions and no parental history of dementia (NC) (n = 193). Dementia was diagnosed using International Classification of Diseases-10 revision (ICD-10) criteria. DM was assessed on the basis of self-report and/or use of antidiabetic medications. ApoE genotyping was done using sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction. Results. ApoE4 allele frequencies were highest among AD with comorbid DM (0.35) followed by AD without DM (0.25), nAD with DM (0.13), nAD without comorbid DM (0.12), and NC (0.08). Frequency of ApoE4 in persons with f/hAD was 0.13. The association of AD with co-morbid DM in ApoE4 carriers was more in comparison to NC with DM (OR = 5.68, P = 0.04). Conclusion. There is a significant association between AD with co-morbid DM and ApoE4 genotype

Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Exhibit Heterogeneous CD52 Expression Levels and Show Differential Sensitivity to Alemtuzumab Mediated Cytolysis

Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets cell surface CD52 and is effective in depleting lymphocytes by cytolytic effects in vivo. Although the cytolytic effects of alemtuzumab are dependent on the density of CD52 antigen on cells, there is scant information regarding the expression levels of CD52 on different cell types. In this study, CD52 expression was assessed on phenotypically distinct subsets of lymphoid and myeloid cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from normal donors. Results demonstrate that subsets of PBMCs express differing levels of CD52. Quantitative analysis showed that memory B cells and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) display the highest number while natural killer (NK) cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and basophils have the lowest number of CD52 molecules per cell amongst lymphoid and myeloid cell populations respectively. Results of complement dependent cytolysis (CDC) studies indicated that alemtuzumab mediated profound cytolytic effects on B and T cells with minimal effect on NK cells, basophils and pDCs, correlating with the density of CD52 on these cells. Interestingly, despite high CD52 levels, mDCs and monocytes were less susceptible to alemtuzumab-mediated CDC indicating that antigen density alone does not define susceptibility. Additional studies indicated that higher expression levels of complement inhibitory proteins (CIPs) on these cells partially contributes to their resistance to alemtuzumab mediated CDC. These results indicate that alemtuzumab is most effective in depleting cells of the adaptive immune system while leaving innate immune cells relatively intact

Quantum Corrections to Liquid Correlations

Sudarshan's semi-classical treatment of correlation functions is applied to the study of quantum corrections to the Van Hove function. In its generalised form, it enables one to choose the best correlation function for a given potential. Higher-order correlations are also sketched briefly and the details are similar to those considered by Oppenheim and Bloom

Pharmacognostic studies of insect gall of Quercus infectoria Olivier (Fagaceae)

Objective: To study the detailed pharmacognostic profile of galls of Quercus infectoria Olivier (Q. infectoria olivier) (Fagaceae), an important medicinal plant used in the Indian system of medicine. Methods: Samples of galls of Q. infectoria were studied by macroscopical, microscopical, physiochemical, phytochemical, fluorescence analysis and othjer methods for standardization as recommended by WHO. Results: Macroscopically, the crude drug is globose with horny appearances on external surface (1.4–2.3 cm in length and 1–1.5 cm in diameter), with greyish-brown to brownish-black in colour externally and dark brown buff colored. Surface is smooth with numerous horny protuberances giving rough touch, and with unpleasant odour. Microscopically, a wide zone of radially elongated parenchyma cells between upper and lower epidermis were found. The vascular strands were present at all places and radially elongated sclerides touched the lower epidermis. In physico-chemical studies, the moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble, water soluble, petroleum ether, chloroform extractive value and tannin content were found to be 2.790, 5.020, 0.110, 38.780, 41.210, 0.402, 1.590 and 49.200 percentage respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes, tannins, saponins and alkaloids. Conclusions: The results of the present study serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this medicinally important plant drug material for future investigations and applications