Jatropha Curcas L. Biomass Waste and Its Utilization

Jatropha curcas L. is cultivated for its oil utilization as fuel feedstock. This main purpose is achieved with the biomass waste after oil extraction. The biomass wastes are leaf and stem from pruning, fruit hull, seed husk, and oily-cake. This paper discusses the utilization of the waste in order to achieve zero waste of jatropha and develop the jatropha utilizations. Jatropha waste is also utilized as fertilizer, briquettes, adsorbent, resin, and bioactive compost. It can also be utilized as feedstock for production of polymer composite, combustion for gasifier, biogas, liquid oil, and dye. These wide utilizations make jatropha very suitable for biofuel proposes

Non-Edible Vegetable Oils as Renewable Resources for Biodiesel Production: South-East Asia Perspective

Biodiesel derived from plant species has been a major renewable source of energy and has received global interest mainly due to climate change issue. It has increasingly received worldwide attention as a promising alternative fuel. Growing interest in biodiesel production from edible oil brings scarcity in food supply. To overcome this problem, utilization of non-edible oils could be explored. Non-edible oil as biodiesel feedstock impressed in many factors such as energy sustainability and independence in certain areas, especially in rural community, creating job opportunities, elevating environmental merits, and avoiding monoculture of fuel resources. The present chapter reviews several such potentials, including fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) or biodiesel production process of non-edible oil resources as biodiesel feedstock in South-East Asian geographical region. The South-East Asian countries fall in the tropical region of the world and have many species as non-edible oil, viz., jatropha, karanja, polanga, neem, rubber, and mahua. The oils derived from these species have shown considerable potential as biodiesel feedstock

Combustion and Emission Characteristics of CNG-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine with Variation of Air Fuel Ratio

Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a popular alternative fuel because of its more environmentally friendly properties than fossil fuels , including applications in diesel engines. However, supplying too much compressed natural gas fuel causes poor engine performance and emissions due to a decrease in the air-fuel ratio on the dual-fuel engine. The addition of air using electric superchargers was done to return the air-fuel ratio to ideal conditions. Lambda value (λ) was variation under low load (1.52 to 2.71), medium load (1.18 to 2.17), and high load (0.94 to 2.17) on a CNG-diesel dual fuel engine. The addition of pure air in each load can increase combustion stability in certain lambda, which was indicated by an increase in thermal efficiency, heat release rate, and a decrease in ignition delay, combustion duration, hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide emissions

The Empirical Study of Factors Affecting Students’ Competence of Fashion Design Education in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 Era

This study aims at measuring the effects of fashion design education on students' competence in the Industrial Revolution 4.0. It involved 497 students of the Fashion Design Study Program of Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia. The data were collected through questionnaire that was developed from the predetermined indicators. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of SEM indicated that outer loading, cronbach alpha, composite reliability, average variance extracted, measurement model assessment criteria and structural model were valid and fit. This also means that the instrument was valid and reliable. The result of the analysis indicates that there is a positive relationship between the structural model predictors; pedagogy, internship, and learning interest affected the student competence. These aspects are positive, significant, and partial predictors of the pedagogy effect on competence. Based on the variables, pedagogy is ranked as the highest aspect. There is a mediating effect of internship and learning interest on the relationship between pedagogy and competence. In order to reach their optimum competencies, the students have to take these three aspects into consideration in fashion design education