<span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-GB">Field Performance and genetic fidelity evaluation of micropropagated<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"> morinda citrifolia </i>l.</span>

121-130An easily adoptable protocol was established for the micropropagation of Morinda citrifolia L., a medicinal and neutraceutical plant, through enhanced axillary bud proliferation from nodal explants. Nodal segments excised from 3-yr-old tree were cultured on agar gelled (0.7%) Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 18 µM N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). It resulted in the production of maximum number (7.2 shoots/explant) of new shoots through axillary bud proliferation. Nodal segments derived from in vitro-raised shoots were further subcultured on MS medium containing 18 μM BAP for every 6 wk interval to facilate shoot multiplication. In vitro shoots were rooted by adopting a direct ex vitro rooting method. Shoots treated in 150 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 30 min, followed by planting in pots containing soil, sand and vermiculite (1:1:1) produced 100% rooting and 87.5% survival. This technique eased synchronized rooting and hardening process; accordingly reduced time, labour and resources, and thus can be used for large scale multiplication. Fully acclimatized plants (3-month-old) were planted in the field and monitored for its various attributes. Field evaluation studies by scoring 13 quantitative phenotypic characters and evaluation of genetic fidelity among the regenerants by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using 10 selected random primers revealed morphological and genetic uniformity of plants originated from a single mother tree

In vitro immunomodulatory, antifungal, and antibacterial screening of Phyllanthus niruri against to human pathogenic microorganisms

Background: Medicinal plants present a wide range of potentially phytochemical compounds that contain many useful properties including anticancer, enzyme inhibition, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antiallergic activities. Phyllanthus niruri capsules are extensively recommended to improve the function of the diseased liver. Its leaves root and the whole plant are used as an herbal complement. Aim: The present study was aimed to focus on the in vitro immunomodulatory activity, antifungal, antibacterial and phytochemical screening of aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extract of P. niruri. Materials and Methods: Immunomodulatory activities were evaluated through nitroblue tetrazolium assay. Antifungal and antibacterial activity were conducted against Candida albicans (NCIM - 3100), Aspergillus niger (NCIM - 1028), Eschericha coli (NCIM - 5346), Bacillus subtilis (NCIM - 2920), and Staphylococcus aureus (NCIM - 5345) by using disc diffusion method. Results: Medicinal plants contain polyphenolic compounds which have potent anti-cancer and immunomodulator activity. P. niruri has potential immunomodulatory activity. Aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extract of P. niruri did not show any significant antifungal activity and 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, and 200 mg/ml. Aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extract showed significant antibacterial activity. Conclusion: From this study, it is concluded that P. niruri does not have antifungal activity but has potent immunomodulatory and antibacterial activity. This immunomodulatory and antibacterial activity of P. niruri may be due to the secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenol compounds