Primers used for qRT-PCR and RT-PCR.

<p>Primers used for qRT-PCR and RT-PCR.</p

Administration of curcumin modulates the phosphorylation status of the p65 subunit of NFkB and p38 MAPK.

<p>CBA/J mice were inoculated i.n. with 10⁷pfu reovirus 1/L and were either untreated (−) or treated (+) with 50 mg/kg curcumin by i.p. injection beginning 5 days prior to infection and daily, thereafter. (A) On day 9 post-inoculation, protein was extracted from whole lung tissue from untreated (−) or curcumin-treated (+) reovirus 1/L-ALI/ARDS mice and analyzed for the expression of phosphorylated p38 (P-p38) and phosphorylated p65-NFκB (P-p65-NFκB) by western analysis. Saline inoculated mice were used as controls (S). Analysis of ß actin was performed to demonstrate equal loading. Representative of two experiments with three mice per time point. (B) Relative expression of P-p38 and P-p65-NFκB was determined by comparing their expression to that of ß-actin. Histograms represent densitometric data from the mean +/− SD autoradiogram signals from three mice for the saline, untreated (−, solid) or curcumin-treated (+, open) reovirus 1/L-ALI/ARDS*p<0.05 versus saline (control), **p<.0.05 versus reovirus 1/L-ALI/ARDS.</p

Administration of curcumin modulates the inflammatory cell infiltrate during reovirus 1/L-ALI/ARDS.

<p>CBA/J mice were inoculated i.n. with 10⁷pfu reovirus 1/L and were either untreated (−, solid bars) or treated (+, open bars) with 50 mg/kg curcumin by i.p. injection beginning 5 days prior to infection and daily, thereafter. Infiltrating cells were recovered from the lungs and analyzed for the expression of the indicated cell surface phenotype markers, as described. (A) Day 5; (B) Day 9; (C) Day 14. Histograms are the mean +/− S.D. of two experiments with three mice per time point. **p<0.05 versus reovirus 1/L-ALI/ARDS.</p

Administration of curcumin reduces expression of the key liver enzymes in the serum during reovirus 1/L-ALI/ARDS.

<p>CBA/J mice were inoculated i.n. with 10⁷pfu reovirus 1/L and were either untreated (−, solid bars) or treated (+, open bars) with 50 mg/kg curcumin by i.p. injection beginning 5 days prior to infection and daily, thereafter. Saline inoculated mice were used as controls (S, stippled bars). Serum was collected at the indicated time points. (A) Serum AST activity; (B) Serum ALT activity; (C) Serum AP activity. Histograms are the mean +/− S.D. of two experiments with three mice per time point. *p<0.05 versus saline (control), **p<0.05 versus reovirus 1/L-ALI/ARDS.</p

Administration of curcumin modulates key cytokine/chemokine expression during reovirus 1/L-ALI/ARDS.

<p>CBA/J mice were inoculated i.n. with 10⁷pfu reovirus 1/L and were either untreated (−, solid bars) or treated (+, open bars) with 50 mg/kg curcumin by i.p. injection beginning 5 days prior to infection and daily, thereafter. At the indicated time points, RNA was prepared from (A) the infiltrating cells; or (B) whole lung tissue and relative expression of key cytokines/chemokines was assessed by qRT-PCR. Saline inoculated mice were used as controls (S, stippled bars). Histograms are the mean +/− S.D. of two experiments with three mice per time point. *p<0.05 versus saline (control), **p<0.05 versus reovirus 1/L-ALI/ARDS.</p

Administration of curcumin modulates TGFß RII expression during reovirus 1/L-ALI/ARDS.

<p>CBA/J mice were inoculated i.n. with 10⁷pfu reovirus 1/L and were either untreated (−, solid bars) or treated (+, open bars) with 50 mg/kg curcumin by i.p. injection beginning 5 days prior to infection and daily, thereafter. At the indicated time points, RNA was prepared from whole lung tissue and the relative expression of (A) TGFß1 was assessed by RT-PCR; (B) TGFß1 and TGFß RII mRNA expression was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Saline inoculated mice were used as controls (S, stippled bars). Histograms are the mean +/−S.D. of two experiments with three mice per time point. *p<0.05 versus saline (control), **p<0.05 versus reovirus 1/L-ALI/ARDS.</p