Study on the sensitivity of the Higgs boson couplings in photon-photon collision at CLIC and muon collider

In a model-independent way, we explore the potential of photon-induced interactions with the process $\gamma^* \gamma^* \rightarrow ZZ$ to investigate CP-conserving and CP-violating dimension-six operators of Higgs-gauge boson couplings using the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). The existence of anomalous $H\gamma\gamma$ and $HZZ$ couplings is discussed at 3 TeV Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) and 10 TeV Muon Collider (MuC) with an integrated luminosity of 5 and 10 ab$^{-1}$, respectively. All signal and relevant background events are generated in MadGraph and passed through PYTHIA for parton showering and hadronization. Detector effects are evaluated via CLIC and MuC detector cards tuned in Delphes. We report the 95% confidence level limits on the Wilson coefficients $\overline{c}_\gamma$, $\overline{c}_{HB}$, $\overline{c}_{HW}$, $\widetilde{c}_\gamma$, $\widetilde{c}_{HB}$, $\widetilde{c}_{HW}$ and compare them with experimental and phenomenological limits.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure

Probe of the anomalous neutral triple gauge couplings in photon-induced collision at future muon colliders

The anomalous $ZZ\gamma$ and $Z\gamma\gamma$ neutral triple gauge couplings occurred by dimension-eight operators are investigated through the process $\mu^+\mu^-\,\rightarrow\,\mu^+\gamma^*\mu^-\,\rightarrow\,\mu^+ Z(\nu\bar{\nu})\mu^-$ at the muon collider with $\sqrt{s}=3$, $6$, $10$ and $14$ TeV. The charged lepton pseudo-rapidity, the charged lepton transverse momentum and the transverse missing energy distributions are taken in consideration for the final state of the process in the analysis. The sensitivities of the anomalous couplings are obtained at $95\%$ Confidence Level with integrated luminosity of ${\cal L}_{\text{int}}=1$, $4$, $10$ and $20$ ab$^{-1}$, respectively, according to center-of-mass energies of muon collider taking into account the effects of systematic uncertainties $0\%$, $3\%$ and $5\%$. The best limits of anomalous $C_{BB}/{\Lambda^4}$, $C_{BW}/{\Lambda^4}$, $C_{\widetilde{B}W}/{\Lambda^4}$ and $C_{WW}/{\Lambda^4}$ couplings without systematic uncertainty at center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV and integrated luminosity of 20 ab$^{-1}$ are found to be [-0.01026; 0.00636] TeV$^{-4}$, [-0.02482; 0.03053] TeV$^{-4}$, [-0.01830; 0.02510] TeV$^{-4}$, [-0.06981; 0.07387] TeV$^{-4}$, respectively.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figure

Search for the anomalous ZZZZZZ and ZZγZZ\gamma gauge couplings through the process e+e−→ZZe^+e^- \to ZZ with unpolarized and polarized beams

This work offers the constraints on the anomalous neutral triple gauge couplings (aNTGC) for the process $e^+e^- \to ZZ$ at the CLIC with $\sqrt{s}=3$ TeV. The realistic CLIC detector environments and their effects are considered in our analysis. The study is planned for the decays of producted $Z$ bosons to a pair of charged leptons (electrons or muons) and neutrino pairs. The bounds on the aNTGCs defining $CP$-conserving $C_{\widetilde{B}W}/{\Lambda^4}$ coupling and three $CP$-violating $C_{WW}/{\Lambda^4}$, $C_{BW}/{\Lambda^4}$, and $C_{BB}/{\Lambda^4}$ couplings are obtained. Also, the effects and advantages of polarization for incoming electron beams in these calculations are investigated.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figure

Diversity and heritability of the maize rhizosphere microbiome under field conditions

The rhizosphere is a critical interface supporting the exchange of resources between plants and their associated soil environment. Rhizosphere microbial diversity is influenced by the physical and chemical properties of the rhizosphere, some of which are determined by the genetics of the host plant. However, within a plant species, the impact of genetic variation on the composition of the microbiota is poorly understood. Here, we characterized the rhizosphere bacterial diversity of 27 modern maize inbreds possessing exceptional genetic diversity grown under field conditions. Randomized and replicated plots of the inbreds were planted in five field environments in three states, each with unique soils and management conditions. Using pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, we observed substantial variation in bacterial richness, diversity, and relative abundances of taxa between bulk soil and the maize rhizosphere, as well as between fields. The rhizospheres from maize inbreds exhibited both a small but significant proportion of heritable variation in total bacterial diversity across fields, and substantially more heritable variation between replicates of the inbreds within each field. The results of this study should facilitate expanded studies to identify robust heritable plant–microbe interactions at the level of individual polymorphisms by genome wide association, so that plant-microbiome interactions can ultimately be incorporated into plant breeding

Phenotypic Landscape of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during Wine Fermentation: Evidence for Origin-Dependent Metabolic Traits

The species Saccharomyces cerevisiae includes natural strains, clinical isolates, and a large number of strains used in human activities. The aim of this work was to investigate how the adaptation to a broad range of ecological niches may have selectively shaped the yeast metabolic network to generate specific phenotypes. Using 72 S. cerevisiae strains collected from various sources, we provide, for the first time, a population-scale picture of the fermentative metabolic traits found in the S. cerevisiae species under wine making conditions. Considerable phenotypic variation was found suggesting that this yeast employs diverse metabolic strategies to face environmental constraints. Several groups of strains can be distinguished from the entire population on the basis of specific traits. Strains accustomed to growing in the presence of high sugar concentrations, such as wine yeasts and strains obtained from fruits, were able to achieve fermentation, whereas natural yeasts isolated from “poor-sugar” environments, such as oak trees or plants, were not. Commercial wine yeasts clearly appeared as a subset of vineyard isolates, and were mainly differentiated by their fermentative performances as well as their low acetate production. Overall, the emergence of the origin-dependent properties of the strains provides evidence for a phenotypic evolution driven by environmental constraints and/or human selection within S. cerevisiae

Establishment of Normal Gut Microbiota Is Compromised under Excessive Hygiene Conditions

Background: Early gut colonization events are purported to have a major impact on the incidence of infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in later life. Hence, factors which influence this process may have important implications for both human and animal health. Previously, we demonstrated strong influences of early-life environment on gut microbiota composition in adult pigs. Here, we sought to further investigate the impact of limiting microbial exposure during early life on the development of the pig gut microbiota. Methodology/Principal Findings: Outdoor- and indoor-reared animals, exposed to the microbiota in their natural rearing environment for the first two days of life, were transferred to an isolator facility and adult gut microbial diversity was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. From a total of 2,196 high-quality 16S rRNA gene sequences, 440 phylotypes were identified in the outdoor group and 431 phylotypes in the indoor group. The majority of clones were assigned to the four phyla Firmicutes (67.5% of all sequences), Proteobacteria (17.7%), Bacteroidetes (13.5%) and to a lesser extent, Actinobacteria (0.1%). Although the initial maternal and environmental microbial inoculum of isolator-reared animals was identical to that of their naturally-reared littermates, the microbial succession and stabilization events reported previously in naturally-reared outdoor animals did not occur. In contrast, the gut microbiota of isolator-reared animals remained highly diverse containing a large number of distinct phylotypes. Conclusions/Significance: The results documented here indicate that establishment and development of the normal gut microbiota requires continuous microbial exposure during the early stages of life and this process is compromised under conditions of excessive hygiene