Applying inclusive business approaches to nature-based tourism in Namibia and South Africa

Inclusive business is described as private sector-led business initiatives that aim to profitably engage low-income populations across productive value chains. This paper aims to quantify the impact of businesses implementing inclusive business strategies to determine the value to local communities as well as the tourism business. The research reviews the direct impact of the business on communities, determines the value proposition to the businesses as well as comparing the partnership structures between the operators and communities. Practical examples from Namibia and South Africa are provided of how different strategies may, or may not, generate a tangible impact for both parties. The research contributes to the limited literature about inclusive business models in the tourism sector

Tourism and protected areas: A growing nexus of challenge and opportunity

Three significant trends are converging with the result of increasing the importance of understanding and managing the nexus of tourism and protected areas. Firstly, international travel and tourism continues to grow significantly, resulting in more people wanting to visit, learn and appreciate their natural and cultural heritage. Secondly, international conservation efforts are increasingly dependent on protected areas serving as the cornerstone of slowing (ideally stopping) the loss of biological diversity. Thirdly, demands from society on protected areas are not only increasing, they are diversifying as well. Increased demand is, in part, the result of a growing human population that competes for space with natural areas and its wildlife through other land uses such as agriculture. Diversifying because protected areas are increasingly viewed as a source of monetary revenue and ecosystem-based benefits, such as health for humans, as engines of local livelihood development, as mechanisms for catalysing \u27peace\u27 on a transboundary scale and even as models of governance. These three trends accelerate the need for not only greater institutional capability to manage visitors and tourism development - which are amongst the most significant capacity needs, according to the World Commission on Protected Areas (2012) - but also more knowledge about visitor preferences, their behaviour, needs, spending patterns and social and environmental impacts. The convergence of these three trends also poses new challenges and opportunities not just for the conservation movement but for civil society as well

Development of responsible tourism guidelines for South Africa (Final report)

This project aimed to identify a system by which the aspirations laid out in a specific government policy document could be presented in a way that the private sector and rural communities can use it to manage business at the operational local level. The model aimed to demonstrate how civil society could use the new responsible tourism policy criteria that exist to structure management and leverage government support and to guide and benchmark the achievement against economic (pro-poor) social and environmental criteria. The project was designed to: 1. translate stakeholder agreed government policy into practical management guidelines for the whole tourism industry; 2. develop, test and adapt the guidelines in the most directly relevant sector for rural livelihoods impact, that of nature based tourism - applicable across significant areas of South Africa and far beyond the boundaries of national parks; 3. pilot the guidelines as a system of monitoring against criteria and measurable indicators that have recently been developed by South African National Parks within the lodge concession leasing process

Protecting 30% of the planet for nature: costs, benefits and economic implications

A. Waldron, K. Nakamura, J. Sze, T. Vilela, A. Escobedo, P. Negret Torres, R. Button, K. Swinnerton, A. Toledo, P. Madgwick, N. Mukherjee were supported by National Geographic and the Resources Legacy Fund. V. Christensen was supported by NSERC Discovery Grant RGPIN-2019-04901. M. Coll and J. Steenbeek were supported by EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 817578 (TRIATLAS). D. Leclere was supported by TradeHub UKRI CGRF project. R. Heneghan was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Acciones de Programacion Conjunta Internacional (PCIN-2017-115). M. di Marco was supported by MIUR Rita Levi Montalcini programme. A. Fernandez-Llamazares was supported by Academy of Finland (grant nr. 31176). S. Fujimori and T. Hawegawa were supported by The Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-2002) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan and the Sumitomo Foundation. V. Heikinheimo was supported by Kone Foundation, Social Media for Conservation project. K. Scherrer was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 682602. U. Rashid Sumaila acknowledges the OceanCanada Partnership, which funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). T. Toivonen was supported by Osk. Huttunen Foundation & Clare Hall college, Cambridge. W. Wu was supported by The Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-2002) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan. Z. Yuchen was supported by a Ministry of Education of Singapore Research Scholarship Block (RSB) Research Fellowship

Working paper analysing the economic implications of the proposed 30% target for areal protection in the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framewor

58 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables- The World Economic Forum now ranks biodiversity loss as a top-five risk to the global economy, and the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework proposes an expansion of conservation areas to 30% of the earth’s surface by 2030 (hereafter the “30% target”), using protected areas (PAs) and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs). - Two immediate concerns are how much a 30% target might cost and whether it will cause economic losses to the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors. - Conservation areas also generate economic benefits (e.g. revenue from nature tourism and ecosystem services), making PAs/Nature an economic sector in their own right. - If some economic sectors benefit but others experience a loss, high-level policy makers need to know the net impact on the wider economy, as well as on individual sectors. [...]A. Waldron, K. Nakamura, J. Sze, T. Vilela, A. Escobedo, P. Negret Torres, R. Button, K. Swinnerton, A. Toledo, P. Madgwick, N. Mukherjee were supported by National Geographic and the Resources Legacy Fund. V. Christensen was supported by NSERC Discovery Grant RGPIN-2019-04901. M. Coll and J. Steenbeek were supported by EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 817578 (TRIATLAS). D. Leclere was supported by TradeHub UKRI CGRF project. R. Heneghan was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Acciones de Programacion Conjunta Internacional (PCIN-2017-115). M. di Marco was supported by MIUR Rita Levi Montalcini programme. A. Fernandez-Llamazares was supported by Academy of Finland (grant nr. 311176). S. Fujimori and T. Hawegawa were supported by The Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-2002) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan and the Sumitomo Foundation. V. Heikinheimo was supported by Kone Foundation, Social Media for Conservation project. K. Scherrer was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 682602. U. Rashid Sumaila acknowledges the OceanCanada Partnership, which funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). T. Toivonen was supported by Osk. Huttunen Foundation & Clare Hall college, Cambridge. W. Wu was supported by The Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-2002) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan. Z. Yuchen was supported by a Ministry of Education of Singapore Research Scholarship Block (RSB) Research FellowshipPeer reviewe

Managing sustainable nature-based tourism in southern Africa : a practical assessment tool

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Tourism in the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park

The Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park (GLTP) is a transboundary protected area that straddles the borders of Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe. The park's development was partly motivated by the ecological objective of re-establishing traditional migratory wildlife routes once fences between the three countries are dismantled. Besides biodiversity conservation benefits, the park may also provide a basis to generate revenue for conservation and local economic development through tourism. This paper describes current state and private sector tourism within the GLTP and planning initiatives that may promote responsible tourism, and describes the achievements by community-based tourism enterprises and public-private partnerships in generating economic, social and environmental benefits. The livelihoods of people living in the park are outlined in relation to government policies on land redistribution, resettlement and options for the future, and progress in biodiversity conservation and responsible nature-based tourism development within the GLTP over the past five years is evaluated.

Tourism and poverty reduction: theory and practice in less economically developed countries

This paper analyses the evolution of the theory and practice of tourism development aimed at poverty reduction in less economically developed countries (LEDCs). It critically reviews two central early themes in this area: community-based tourism projects, and the focus on structural conditions and power relations between global players and local communities. The paper considers the potential strengths of tourism development for LEDCs and summarises the many new subject area developments. A review of papers within the Journal of Sustainable Tourism's special issue on tourism and poverty reduction follows and four main themes are explored: development agency strategies and approaches, governance and biodiversity conservation, the assessment of tourism impacts and value chain analysis and inter-sectoral linkages. Key potential topics for future research and action are outlined, including: (1) the use of new techniques measuring tourism impacts, (2) the roles of development agency governance and operational practices, (3) how inequitable power relations and weak governance can undermine efforts, (4) the importance of private-sector business practices that contribute to poverty reduction, (5) the value of multidisciplinary quantitative and qualitative research tools and (6) the need for linkages between academic research and practitioner interventions

Tourism and protected areas: A growing nexus of challenge and opportunity

How to cite this article: McCool, S.F. & Spenceley, A., 2014, ‘Tourism and protected areas: A growing nexus of challenge and opportunity’, Koedoe 56(2), Art. #1221, 2 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v56i2.122

Private Sector Tourism in Conservation Areas in Africa

This book is the first to provide a detailed analysis of private sector involvement and partnerships in tourism in Africa. It includes best practices and processes to develop tourism partnerships with the private sector, and highlights important tools to enhance sustainability of tourism in Africa, involving numerous stakeholders.Intro -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Authors -- List of Boxes -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- List of acronyms -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. The scope of this book -- 1.2. Users of this book -- 1.3. Case study data sources -- 1.4. Definition of key terms -- 1.5.Structure of this book -- 1.6. References -- 2. Background -- 2.1. Tourism and the sustainable development goals -- 2.2. Overview of tourism in Africa -- 2.3. Overview of conservation in Africa -- 2.4. Overview of tourism in conservation areas -- 2.5. Role of the Private Sector -- 2.6. Private sector engagement with various stakeholders -- 2.6.1. Government -- 2.6.2. NGOs and academia -- 2.6.3. Communities -- 2.7. Potential benefits to be derived from private sector tourism in Africa -- 2.7.1. Economic benefits -- 2.7.1.1. Lease fees -- 2.7.1.2. Joint ventures and other partnerships -- 2.7.1.3. Infrastructure development -- 2.7.2. Social benefits -- 2.7.2.1. Employment opportunities -- 2.7.2.2. Skills training, development and capacity-building -- 2.7.2.3. Local empowerment -- 2.7.2.4. Local linkages/value chains: suppliers of goods and services -- 2.7.2.5. Philanthropy/donations -- 2.7.3. Environmental benefits -- 2.7.3.1. Biodiversity conservation -- 2.7.3.2. Environmental management -- 2.8. Potential challenges associated with private sector investment -- 2.9. potential challenges for the private sector -- 2.10. References -- 3. Private sector partnership options -- 3.1. For-profit private sector on private land -- 3.1.1. Case Study 1: Bisate Lodge, Rwanda -- 3.1.2. Case Study 2: Wolwedans, Namibia -- 3.2. For-profit private sector on government land -- 3.2.1. Case Study 3: Mombo Camp and Little Mombo, Botswana -- 3.2.2. Case Study 4: Simien Lodge, Ethiopia3.2.3. Case Study 5: Davison's Camp, Linkwasha Camp and Little Makalolo, Zimbabwe -- 3.2.4. Case Study 6: Nkwichi Lodge, Lake Malawi, Mozambique -- 3.2.5. Case Study 7: Chumbe Island, Tanzania -- 3.3. Private sector (for- or not-for-profit) on government, private or NGO land -- 3.3.1. Case Study 8: Bale Mountain Lodge, Ethiopia -- 3.3.2. Case Study 9: King Lewanika Lodge, Zambia -- 3.3.3. Case Study 10: Ngala Safari Lodge, South Africa -- 3.3.4. Case Study 11: Mkulumadzi Lodge, Malawi -- 3.3.5. Case Study 12: Sunbird Thawale Lodge, Malawi -- 3.4. Public-private partnership on government land -- 3.4.1. Case Study 13: Ruzizi Tented Lodge, Rwanda -- 3.5. Private joint venture partnership on government land -- 3.5.1. Case Study 14: Singita Lebombo, South Africa -- 3.6. Voluntary payments -- 3.6.1. Case Study 15: Africa Foundation -- 3.6.2. Case Study 16: Children in the Wilderness (CITW) -- 3.6.3. Case Study 17: Wilderness Wildlife Trust (WWT) -- 3.6.4. Case Study 18: Singita Community Development Trust -- 3.6.5. Lessons learned -- 3.7. Summary -- 3.8. References -- 4. Joint venture lodge ownership partnership options -- 4.1. Joint venture lodge ownership, on government land -- 4.1.1. Case Study 19: Anvil Bay Chemucane Lodge, Mozambique -- 4.1.2. Case Study 20: Ndzou Camp, Mozambique -- 4.2. Joint venture lodge ownership, on community land -- 4.2.1. Case Study 21: Damaraland Camp, Namibia -- 4.2.2. Case Study 22: Doro Nawas Camp, Namibia -- 4.3. Community owned lodge on government land, with a private management company -- 4.3.1. Case Study 23: Witsieshoek Mountain Lodge, South Africa -- 4.3.2. Case Study 24: Covane Community Lodge, Mozambique -- 4.3.3. Case Study 25: !Xaus Lodge, South Africa -- 4.4. Community or privately owned lodge on community land -- 4.4.1. Case Study 26: Phinda Private Game Reserve, South Africa4.4.2. Case Study 27: Serra Cafema Camp, Namibia -- 4.4.3. Case Study 28: Sabyinyo Silverback Lodge, Rwanda -- 4.4.4. Case Study 29: Vumbura Plains and Little Vumbura, Botswana -- 4.4.5. Case Study 30: Pafuri Camp, South Africa -- 4.4.6. Case Study 31: Satao Elerai Lodge, Kenya -- 4.5. Tripartite venture -- 4.5.1. Case Study 32: Rocktail Camp, South Africa -- 4.6. Summary -- 4.7. References -- 5. Processes to develop accommodation partnerships in protected areas -- 5.1. Getting started -- 5.2. Government owned protected areas -- 5.3. Phase 1: Scoping -- 5.3.1. Motivation -- 5.3.2. Previous experience -- 5.3.3. Attractiveness to investors -- 5.3.4. Legal framework -- 5.3.5. Political will and financial support -- 5.3.6. Creating a strategic plan -- 5.4. Phase 2: Design and feasibility -- 5.4.1. Protected area and site identification -- 5.4.2. Legal assessment -- 5.4.3. Stakeholder engagement -- 5.4.4. Viability and market assessment -- 5.4.5. Design of the concession opportunity -- 5.4.6. Setting fees -- 5.4.7. Commercial viability for investors -- 5.4.8. High-level business plan for the concessioning process -- 5.5. Phase 3: Procurement, negotiation and contracting -- 5.5.1. Procurement preparation -- 5.5.2. Finding investors committed to the investment and sustainability -- 5.5.3. Transaction management -- 5.5.4. Negotiation and contracting -- 5.6. Community owned protected areas -- 5.7. Phase 1: Identify opportunities -- 5.7.1. Identify stakeholders and start consultation -- 5.7.2. Establish goals, motivation and objectives -- 5.7.3. Explore tourism product types -- 5.7.4. Determine market and financial viability -- 5.7.5. Identify potential challenges and barriers -- 5.7.6. Decide whether to proceed or not -- 5.8. Phase 2: Design and test -- 5.8.1. Policy framework review -- 5.8.2. Engage with stakeholders -- 5.8.3. Assess the market5.8.4. Decide on products or services to offer -- 5.8.5. Select a suitable business model -- 5.8.6. Choose the business format: for profit, or not for profit -- 5.8.7. Design a sustainable venture -- 5.8.8. Determine what resources are required -- 5.8.9. Assess commercial viability -- 5.8.10. Decide whether to proceed or not -- 5.9. Phase 3: Set up the stakeholder structure -- 5.9.1. Foster tourism awareness -- 5.9.2. Develop a constitution -- 5.9.3. Design and train the community entity's management committee -- 5.9.4. Set up a system to distribute benefits -- 5.9.5. Coordinate with support institutions and communicate with them -- 5.9.6. Register the community entity -- 5.10. Phase 4: Develop the venture -- 5.10.1. Register the business venture -- 5.10.2. Market access -- 5.10.3. Prepare a business plan -- 5.10.4. Raise finance -- 5.10.5. Comply with legal requirements -- 5.10.6. Develop and implement a human resources plan -- 5.10.7. Develop indicators and baselines -- 5.11. Privately owned protected areas -- 5.12. Retrofitting existing enterprises -- 5.13. Managing tourism development -- 5.14. Social considerations -- 5.15. Summary -- 5.16. References -- 6. Best Practices: Lessons learned from the case studies -- 6.1. Institutional issues -- 6.1.1. Business models and institutional arrangements -- 6.1.2. Financing partnerships -- 6.2. Economic considerations -- 6.2.1. Lease fee payments to communities -- 6.3. Social considerations -- 6.3.1. Local employment -- 6.3.2. Local procurement -- 6.3.3. Donations and philanthropy -- 6.4. Environmental considerations -- 6.4.1. Conservation impacts -- 6.4.2. Environmental management systems -- 6.5. Successes and challenges -- 6.6. Lessons learned -- 6.7. References -- 7. Conclusion -- 7.1. Overview of findings from the case studies -- 7.1.1. Institutional issues -- 7.1.2. Economic considerations7.1.3. Social considerations -- 7.1.4. Environmental considerations -- 7.2. General conclusions -- 7.2.1. Importance of sustainable partnerships -- 7.2.2. Responsibility of private sector tourism business -- 7.2.3. Responsibility of government -- 7.2.4. Responsibility of NGOs -- 7.2.5. Responsibility of local communities -- 7.3. Lessons learned -- 7.4. Future of tourism in conservation areas in Africa -- 7.5. References -- 8. Supplementary material -- Photo credits -- Index -- Back CoverThis book is the first to provide a detailed analysis of private sector involvement and partnerships in tourism in Africa. It includes best practices and processes to develop tourism partnerships with the private sector, and highlights important tools to enhance sustainability of tourism in Africa, involving numerous stakeholders.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries