Assessing the Efficacy of Whole-Body Titanium Dental Implant Surface Modifications in Inducing Adhesion, Proliferation, and Osteogenesis in Human Adipose Tissue Stem Cells

Abstract: Background: Although the influence of titanium implants’ micro-surface properties on tita- nium discs has been extensively investigated, the research has not taken into consideration their whole-body effect, which may be considered possible using a combinatorial approach. Methods: Five titanium dental implants with a similar moderate roughness and different surface textures were thor- oughly characterized. The cell adhesion and proliferation were assessed after adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded on whole-body implants. The implants’ inductive properties were assessed by evaluating the osteoblastic gene expression. Results: The surface micro-topography was analyzed, showing that hydroxyapatite (HA)-blasted and bland acid etching implants had the highest roughness and a lower number of surface particles. Cell adhesion was observed after 24 h on all the implants, with the highest score registered for the HA-blasted and bland acid etching implants. Cell proliferation was observed only on the laser-treated and double-acid-etched surfaces. The ADSCs ex- pressed collagen type I, osteonectin, and alkaline phosphatase on all the implant surfaces, with high levels on the HA-treated surfaces, which also triggered osteocalcin expression on day seven. Conclu- sions: The findings of this study show that the morphology and treatment of whole titanium dental implants, primarily HA-treated and bland acid etching implants, impact the adherence and activity of ADSCs in osteogenic differentiation in the absence of specific osteo-inductive signals

The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Space Environment on Adult Mammalian Organisms: A Study on Mouse Thyroid and Testis

Hormonal changes in humans during spaceflight have been demonstrated but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. To clarify this point thyroid and testis/epididymis, both regulated by anterior pituitary gland, have been analyzed on long-term space-exposed male C57BL/10 mice, either wild type or pleiotrophin transgenic, overexpressing osteoblast stimulating factor-1. Glands were submitted to morphological and functional analysis

Studi di proteomica funzionale atti a definire i meccanismi regolatori del fattore di trascrizione Oct-4A

La tesi affronta il problema della regolazione del fattore di trascrizione Oct-4A coinvolto nel mantenimento dello stato pluripotente indifferenziato e di self-renewal delle cellule staminali. In particolare si focalizza sulla ricerca di nuovi interattori molecolari potenzialmente coinvolti nella sua regolazion

Understanding How Heart Metabolic Derangement Shows Differential Stage Specificity for Heart Failure with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical condition defined by structural and functional abnormalities in the heart that gradually result in reduced cardiac output (HFrEF) and/or increased cardiac pressures at rest and under stress (HFpEF). The presence of asymptomatic individuals hampers HF identification, resulting in delays in recognizing patients until heart dysfunction is manifested, thus increasing the chance of poor prognosis. Given the recent advances in metabolomics, in this review we dissect the main alterations occurring in the metabolic pathways behind the decrease in cardiac function caused by HF. Indeed, relevant preclinical and clinical research has been conducted on the metabolite connections and differences between HFpEF and HFrEF. Despite these promising results, it is crucial to note that, in addition to identifying single markers and reliable threshold levels within the healthy population, the introduction of composite panels would strongly help in the identification of those individuals with an increased HF risk. That said, additional research in the field is required to overcome the current drawbacks and shed light on the pathophysiological changes that lead to HF. Finally, greater collaborative data sharing, as well as standardization of procedures and approaches, would enhance this research field to fulfil its potential

Isolation and characterization of human dental pulp derived stem cells by using media containing low human serum percentage as clinical grade substitutes for bovine serum.

Adult stem cells have been proposed as an alternative to embryonic stem cells to study multilineage differentiation in vitro and to use in therapy. Current culture media for isolation and expansion of adult stem cells require the use of large amounts of animal sera, but animal-derived culture reagents give rise to some questions due to the real possibility of infections and severe immune reactions. For these reasons a clinical grade substitute to animal sera is needed. We tested the isolation, proliferation, morphology, stemness related marker expression, and osteoblastic differentiation potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC) in a chemically defined medium containing a low percentage of human serum, 1.25%, in comparison to a medium containing 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS). DPSCs cultured in presence of our isolation/proliferation medium added with low HS percentage were obtained without immune-selection methods and showed high uniformity in the expression of stem cell markers, proliferated at higher rate, and demonstrated comparable osteoblastic potential with respect to DPSCs cultured in 10% FBS. In this study we demonstrated that a chemically defined medium added with low HS percentage, derived from autologous and heterologous sources, could be a valid substitute to FBS-containing media and should be helpful for adult stem cells clinical application

Testing diverse HS percentages.

<p>Testing diverse HS percentages.</p

Telomerase and telomeres.

<p>(A) Graph evidence the relative TRT activity of DPSCs cultured in 1.25% HS medium, 10% FBS and 1.25% C-HS media compared to Ntera2 and positive control (Ctr +). X-absorbance Y-cell types, (p<0.05). (B–G) Dot plot of FL1-height versus FL3-height of cells hybridized with hybridization solution without Telomere PNA Probe. Gates are set around cells in the G0/1- phase for both sample cells, DPSC in 1.25% HS medium (R7) (B), DPSC in 10% FBS (R7) (D) DPSC in 1.25% C-HS medium (R7) (F) and control cells (1301 cell line). Dot plot of FL1-height versus FL3-height of cells hybridized with Telomere PNA Probe/FITC in Hybridization Solution. Gates are set around cells in the G0/1-phase for both sample cells DPSC in 1.25% HS medium (R7) (C), DPSC in 10% FBS (R7) (E) DPSC in 1.25% C-HS medium (R7) (G) and control cells (1301 cell line). The above relative telomere length (RTL) value indicates that the average telomere fluorescence per chromosome/genome in DPSCs in 1.25% HS medium, 10% FBS and 1.25% C-HS was about 18±1.1%, 17±0.9% and 17.1±1.1% respectively of the telomere fluorescence per chromosome/genome in the control cells (1301 cell line) (p<0.05).</p

HS and FBS comparison.

<p>HS and FBS comparison.</p

Osteoblastic differentiation.

<p>Osteoblastic differentiation.</p

Cluster differentiation markers expression.

<p>Cluster differentiation markers expression.</p