Going further with smaller EVs: System-level battery range, emissions and charging infrastructure analysis

Electric vehicles are a necessary part of a zero-carbon future. However, one in five motorists worldwide depend on small petrol motorcycles for their transport needs — vehicles for which no satisfactory low-carbon substitute exists. Meanwhile, the rise in electric car ownership is not reducing GHG emissions as much as often thought, due to the significant emissions from producing ever-larger batteries. Both problems can be solved by uncovering the mechanisms of long distance EV travel, beyond battery range, where the interaction with recharging infrastructure governs vehicle performance. This study develops a new model for journeys involving multiple run-recharge cycles and introduces a novel metric for EV performance — Day Range. Not only does this allow a direct comparison between a wide variety of vehicle and infrastructure options but, by further manipulating the formulae, high level trends can be observed and specific quantitative guidelines extracted. In vehicle design, a strong emphasis on efficiency and recharge rates can drastically reduce both in-use and embodied energy while matching the touring performance of a conventional, resource intensive, heavy battery car. Meanwhile, the recharging network can be developed to better support this lower energy use. Taking the example of the UK motorway network, charge rates up to only 100kW should be installed with the focus instead falling on reliably reducing chargepoint intervals at least as far as the existing target of 28 miles, and ideally much further. In doing so, required battery capacity can be reduced from the 60kWh+ currently seen as necessary to as little as 25kWh. The resulting vehicles not only consume less energy in motion but emit far less greenhouse gases during manufacture and will cost less to produce, allowing a much wider uptake of electric vehicles than possible under the existing, energy intensive battery vehicle touring paradigm

Thermal design of superconducting cryogenic rotor: Solutions to conduction cooling challenges

This paper describes the design and testing of the first cryogenic rotor based on conductively cooled superconducting stacked tape pseudo bulks used in a rotating machine with various magnetisation methods. The rotor design demanded a number of unusual features and constraints that required novel, innovative solutions that may be applicable in other designs. The aim of this work is not to create a complete design manual, rather, to suggest some ideas that could be useful to others who are looking to solve similar problems. The outline of the proposed design is followed by a detailed description of the key systems and their interactions. Several innovative design characteristics are discussed, including calculation of liquid cryogenic cooling. Finally, experimental thermal results indicate that the design calculations are reliable and provide reaffirmation of the overall success of the design

Barriers to and enablers of sustainable practices: insights from ethnic minority migrants

Migration from the Global South to Global North is a major feature of contemporary population movements, and provides a lived experiment of the implications of moving from less resource-intensive modes of living towards more resource-intensive ones. Pre-migration practices come together in complex ways post-migration with established norms and infrastructures in destination countries. Here we examine the barriers to and enablers of sustainable practices, synthesising in-depth research from nine different studies in south-eastern Australia in relation to household water use, food growing and transport. The total sample includes 323 migrants from 33 countries. The main barriers include infrastructure and broader patterns of work and society. The main enablers are cultural norms of frugality and preferences for public transport. Barriers and enablers interact in diverse ways. We show that migrants are important contributors to inadvertent sustainabilities, but their contributions may be weakened by infrastructural, structural and cultural barriers. Addressing the diverse capacities of migrants would enhance system change for everyone

Experimenting with agricultural diversity: Migrant knowledge as a resource for climate change adaptation

Climate change poses serious challenges for agriculture and adaptation to its impacts is widely understood to be necessary - now and into the future. This paper focuses on Australia\u27s horticulturally productive and culturally diverse Sunraysia region. Due to the high seasonal labour demands of horticulture, this region has a large population of temporary and permanent migrants. Many were farmers in their countries of origin. We bring together literature on climate change adaptation in agriculture, and migration and agriculture, to identify a common theme: experimentation. The former emphasises the need for experimentation in uncertain times, and the latter draws attention to the experimental food growing capacities of migrants. We argue that migrant farmers\u27 desire to grow culturally important crops in their post-migration contexts, alongside their experience with diverse environmental conditions, constitute a poorly recognised adaptive resource. When migrants have access to farmland to demonstrate their agricultural capacities, migration can expand the suite of adaptive options available. This paper draws these experimental threads together, alongside empirical evidence gathered from qualitative research in the Sunraysia region. We conclude by describing an experimental, action-oriented project which seeks to explore what happens when migrant farmers are, quite literally, given the space to show the broader community what they know and what they can do

Direct measurement of the vortex migration caused by traveling magnetic wave

We studied the magnetisation of a 2 in. diameter YBCO thin film in the presence of traveling magnetic waves with six hall sensors. Simulation based on finite element method was conducted to reproduce the process of magnetisation. We discovered that the magnetisation of YBCO thin film based on traveling waves does not follow the constant current density assumption as used in the standing wave condition. We have shown that the traveling wave is more efficient in transporting the flux into the YBCO thin film, which suggests the potential of a flux injection device for high temperature superconducting coils

Comprehensive Clinical Pharmacy Documentation in an Out-Patient Cancer Facility

ABSTRACTClinical pharmacy activities that affect patient outcome are a high priority in pharmacy practice. A relatively simple method of documentation for analysis of these clinical pharmacy activities in an out-patient oncology setting is described.Policies and procedures for clinical pharmacy activities were developed and formalized in an effort to standardize pharmaceutical care in the cancer facility. Consultations or drug information questions originating outside the pharmacy, as well as interventions initiated by a pharmacist were all documented on a comprehensive activity form on a daily basis by each pharmacist. All medication counselling sessions by a pharmacist were also recorded. During a 12 month study period, a total of 1828 activities were recorded. Of these, 343 (18.8%) were pharmacist-initiated interventions to drug therapy. Recommendations were accepted by physicians in 293 (85.4%) of these interventions. In 125 (36.4%) cases, potentially serious negative patient outcomes were avoided by this clinical pharmacy activity.RÉSUMÉLes activités de pharmacie clinique susceptibles d'avoir une incidence sur l'issue de la maladie occupent une place déterminante dans la pratique de la pharmacie. Suit la description d'une méthode relativement simple permettant de documenter et d'analyser ces activités dans un service de consultation externe en oncologie.On a élaboré et adopté des politiques et des procédures sur les activités de pharmacie clinique en vue d'uniformiser les soins pharmaceutiques à la clinique d'oncologie. Tous les jours, chaque pharmacien notait les consultations et les demandes de renseignement sur les médicaments émanant de l'extérieur, de même qu'il décrivait ses propres interventions au moyen d'un formulaire très détaillé. On a également enregistré toutes les séances d'information sur les médicaments données par les pharmaciens. Au terme de la période expérimentale de douze mois, 1 828 activités avaient été consignées. Sur ce nombre, 343 (18 %) concernaient des interventions du pharmacien sur le traitement. Les médecins ont accepté les recommandations du pharmacien dans 293 cas (85,4 %). Dans 125 de ces cas (36,4%), ces  interventions cliniques ont épargné aux malades des effets secondaires potentiellement graves

Soft ferrite used as thermal-magnetic conversion intermedium in the flux pumping technology

Recent progress in material science has proved that high-temperature superconductors, such as bulk melt-processed yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) single domains, have a great potential to trap significant magnetic fields. In this paper, we will describe a novel method of YBCO magnetization that only requires the applied field to be at the level of a permanent magnet. Instead of applying a pulsed high magnetic field on the YBCO, a thermally actuated material (TAM), such as Mg0.15}hbox{Cu}0.15} hbox{Zn0.7 Ti0.04}Fe1.96boxO4, has been used as an intermedium to create a travelling magnetic field by changing the local temperature so that the local permeability is changed to build up the magnetization of the YBCO gradually after multiple pumping cycles. It is well known that the relative permeability of ferrite is a function of temperature and its electromagnetic properties can be greatly changed by adding dopants such as Mg or Ti; therefore, it is considered to be the most promising TAM for future flux pumping technology. Ferrite samples were fabricated by means of the conventional ceramic method with different dopants. Zinc and iron oxides were used as raw materials. The samples were sintered at 1100 C, 1200 C} , and 1300 C. The relative permeability of the samples was measured at temperatures ranging from 77 to 300 K. This work investigates the variation of the magnetic properties of ferrites with different heat treatments and doping elements and gives a smart insight into finding better ferrites suitable for flux pumping technology. © 2002-2011 IEEE

Study of the penetration of a 2 inches diameter YBCO thin film with the travelling magnetic wave

In this paper, we provide a thorough study on the penetration of a 2-in diameter YBCO thin film with the help of a travelling magnetic wave. The travelling magnetic wave is generated by a circular-type magnetic flux pump device, which is comprises of three phase windings and dc coils. We used one single hall sensor to measure the magnetic flux density 1.5 mm axially above the center of the sample. The results show that the presence of the YBCO sample had amplified the magnetic field by two times of the travelling wave in the center. After placing the hall sensor at r = 10 mm, we found that the magnetic field had been decreased by the presence of the sample. In order to clarify whether the flux had been bended or if there is an actual flux migration, we used a six-hall sensor array to measure the trapped field after applying the travelling wave. The measurement shows that the full penetration happens after the output voltage of the inverter Vac ≥ 40 V (maximum field 4.4 mT). The results indicate that, compared with the standing wave, the travelling wave is more efficient to help vortices penetrate into the sample center. Moreover, in practical operation of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) flux pump, an HTS film with large width is not recommended