Maligna kataralna groznica (Coryza gangraenosa bovum)

Malignant catarrhal fever is a disease of cattle and other ruminants, which most often has a lethal outcome. The disease occurs sporadically and is very difficult to control. At a private mini cattle farm, the occurrence of malignant catarrhal fever was suspected on the grounds of anaemnestic data and results of clinical examinations. The owner said that, in addition to cattle, he also breeds sheep in a separate facility, but said these animals had not been in contact with the diseased cow. In the course of the disease, the characteristic symptoms developed so that the clinical diagnosis set earlier was subsequently confirmed. In addition to constantly elevated body temperature, changes in the eyes were observed very soon (congested blood vessels and capillaries of the white sclera with keratitis on both sides). In addition to photofobia and a copious discharge from the nasal cavities, the discharge was at first seromucous and later became mucopurrulent. In the later course of the disease, there was progressive loss of weight and exhaustion of the animal. Since therapy included, in addition to other medicines, also a glucocorticosteroid preparation, the animal aborted its fetus on the fifth day. A pathological-anatomical examination did not reveal any changes on the fetus. In spite of the applied therapy, the medical condition deteriorated from day to day, and the animal expired on the eighth day of the disease.Maligna kataralna groznica je oboljenje goveda i drugih preživara, koje se najčešće završava uginućem. Bolest se pojavljuje sporadično i veoma se teško kontroliše. Na privatnoj mini-farmi goveda na osnovu anamnestičkih podataka i rezultata kliničkog pregleda postavljena je sumnja na malignu kataralnu groznicu. Vlasnik je izjavio da pored goveda u posebnom objektu gaji ovce, ali kako je on naveo one nisu bile u kontaktu sa obolelom životinjom. U toku bolesti je došlo do razvoja karakterističnih simptoma tako da je prethodno postavljena klinička dijagnoza potvrđena. Pored stalno povišene telesne temperature, veoma brzo su uočene i promene na očima (kongestija krvnih sudova i kapilara beonjača sa obostranim keratitisom). Pored fotofobije i obilnog suženja, iz nosnih otvora slivao se u početku seromukozan, a kasnije i mukopurulentan iscedak. U kasnijem razvoju bolesti došlo je do progresivnog mršavljenja i iscrpljenosti životinje. Pošto je u terapiji, pored drugih lekova, korišćen preparat glukokortikosteroida, životinja je petog dana pobacila plod. Patološkoanatomskim pregledom nisu uočene promene na plodu. Uprkos primenjenoj terapiji, zdravstveno stanje životinje se pogoršavalo iz dana u dan i osmog dana bolovanja ona je uginula

Changes in Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Canine Blood During Long-term Use of Ivermectin for the Treatment of Heartworm Disease

Ivermektin je antiparazitski lek koji pripada familiji makrocikličnih laktona. Veoma je efikasan protiv endo- i ekto- parazita u niskim dozama, a u poslednje vreme se najčešće upotrebljava u prevenciji i lečenju bolesti srčanog crva. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi da li se prilikom dugotrajne primene ivermektina, u dozama od 10 μg/kg t.m., u lečenju pasa od srčanog crva javljaju promene u hematološkim i biohemijskim parametrima koje se mogu pripisati dejstvu leka. Studija je obuhvatala pse koji su primali ivermektin parenteralno na svake dve nedelje tokom šest meseci u terapiji srčanog crva. Krv je uzorkovana u momentu dijagnostikovanja bolesti kod psa, pre početka terapije, a zatim prilikom kontrolnog testiranja nakon završenih šest meseci terapije. Aplikacija ivermektina dva puta mesečno u dozi od 10 μg/kg t.m. u trajanju od šest meseci u cilju lečenja bolesti srčanog crva kod pasa dovodi do značajnog variranja pojedinih parametara posle terapije u odnosu na pre početka terapije. U hematološkom profilu ukupan broj limfocita i RDW pokazuju najveću varijabilnost koja se može pripisati dejstvu leka (53,33%). Zatim slede monociti (46,66%), hematokrit (40%), eritrociti i hemoglobin (33,33%), MCH i trombociti (26,66%) i na kraju leukociti, MCHC i neutrofili (13,33%). U biohemijskom profilu, variranje koje se može pripisati leku se javilo kod 60% pasa za parametre kreatinin, AST, trigliceridi i kalcijum, 46,66% za fosfor, 40% za ALT, 33,33% za ureu, 26,66% za ukupne proteine, 20% za albumine i 13,33% za glukozu, bilirubin, ALP i holesterol. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je potrebno kontrolisati životinje prilikom dugotrajne primene ivermektina, obavestiti vlasnike o efektima leka tokom dugotrajne primene, a takođe treba razmotriti i upotrebu suplemenata koji ublažavaju neželjene efekte leka.Ivermectin is an antiparasitic medicine that belongs to the macrocyclic lactone family. It is highly effective against endo- and ecto- parasites at low doses, and lately it is most widely used in the treatment and prophylaxis of canine heartworm disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is the occurrence of changes in hematological and biochemical blood parameters due to the long-term application of ivermectin, at doses of 10 μg/kg b.w., in heartworm disease treatment, that can be attributed to the effect of the medicine. This study was conducted on dogs with heartworm disease that received ivermectin twice a month for six months. Blood was collected at the moment of diagnosis, before treatment and after six months of therapy. The results showed that application of ivermectin twice a month, at doses of 10 μg/kg b.w., during a six-month period of heartworm treatment, induced significant variability of the certain parameters after the treatment in regard to before the treatment. The greatest variability in hematological findings that can be attributed to the effects of medicine was shown by total lymphocyte count and RDW (53.33%), monocyte count (46.66%), hematocrit (40%), total red blood cells count and hemoglobin (33.33%), MCH and platelets (26.66%), total white blood cells count, MCHC and neutrophils (13.33%), respectively. The variation that can be associated with the effects of ivermectin in biochemical parameters was demonstrated in 60% of the dogs for the parameters creatinine, AST, triglycerides and calcium, 46.66% phosphorus, 40% ALT, 33.33% urea, 26.66% total protein, 20% albumin, 13.33% glucose, bilirubin, ALP and cholesterol, respectively. These results point out that better control of animals should be provided during long-term use of ivermectin, also that the owners should be thoroughly informed about the effects of the medicine and that some consideration should be given to the use of supplements which could ease the side effects of ivermectin

Malignant catarrhal fever (Coryza gangraenosa bovum)

Malignant catarrhal fever is a disease of cattle and other ruminants, which most often has a lethal outcome. The disease occurs sporadically and is very difficult to control. At a private mini cattle farm, the occurrence of malignant catarrhal fever was suspected on the grounds of anaemnestic data and results of clinical examinations. The owner said that, in addition to cattle, he also breeds sheep in a separate facility, but said these animals had not been in contact with the diseased cow. In the course of the disease, the characteristic symptoms developed so that the clinical diagnosis set earlier was subsequently confirmed. In addition to constantly elevated body temperature, changes in the eyes were observed very soon (congested blood vessels and capillaries of the white sclera with keratitis on both sides). In addition to photofobia and a copious discharge from the nasal cavities, the discharge was at first seromucous and later became mucopurrulent. In the later course of the disease, there was progressive loss of weight and exhaustion of the animal. Since therapy included, in addition to other medicines, also a glucocorticosteroid preparation, the animal aborted its fetus on the fifth day. A pathological-anatomical examination did not reveal any changes on the fetus. In spite of the applied therapy, the medical condition deteriorated from day to day, and the animal expired on the eighth day of the disease

Rational use of hormones in dairy cows reproduction

Хормони и антибиотици су најчешће коришћени лекови у репродукцији животиња. У поређењу са другим терапијским индикацијама, хормони се више користе него антибиотици у лечењу репродуктивних поремећаја. Оболеле животиње треба лечити како са становишта добробити животиња, тако и због одржавања и унапређења њихових производних резултата. Успех у репродукцији мери се врло прецизним параметрима ефикасности производње као што су индекс осемењавања, дужина сервис периода, међутелидбено раздобље, репродуктивни ремонт запата. Примена хормона захтева рационалан приступ који подразумева постављање прецизне дијагнозе и у складу са тим и избора терапијског протокола. Најчешће индикације за примену хормона односе се на протоколе синхронизације еструса и овулације, лечење патолошких стања репродуктивних органа (цисте на јајницима, ендометритиси, пиометра, итд) за индуцију порођаја или побачаја, односно као потпорна терапија у лечењу маститиса. Успешност примењене терапије не зависи искључиво од избора хормонског протокола, већ и од општег здравственог статуса краве, њене кондиције, метаболичког статуса, исхране али и амбијеталних услова (топлотни стрес, доступност хране и воде, зоохигијенски услови). Хормонски протоколи који имају за циљ фиксирање времена осемењавања и последично смањења манипулативних трошкова и ангажовање људства, врло су осетљиви на пропусте у менаџменту. У репродукцији крава најчешће примењивани хормони су простагландини, гонадотропни рилизинг хормон и његови изомери, синтетски хипофизарни и екстрахипофизарни гонадотропини, прогестеронски интравагинални апарати и окситоцин. Сви наведени хормони су безбедни за примену код млечних крава јер не остављају резидуе у млеку.Hormones and antibiotics are the most commonly used drugs in animal reproduction. Compared to other therapeutic indications, hormones are used more than antibiotics in the treatment of reproductive disorders. Diseased animals should be treated both from the point of view of animal welfare and to maintain and improve their production results. Success in reproduction is measured by very precise parameters of production efficiency, such as the insemination index, the length of the service period, the intercalving period, and the reproductive overhaul of the herd. The use of hormones requires a rational approach, which implies the establishment of a precise diagnosis and, accordingly, the selection of a therapeutic protocol. The most common indications for the use of hormones refer to estrus and ovulation synchronization protocols, the treatment of pathological conditions of the reproductive organs (ovarian cysts, endometritis, pyometra, etc.) for the induction of childbirth or abortion, that is, as supportive therapy in the treatment of mastitis. The success of the applied therapy does not depend exclusively on the choice of hormonal protocol, but also on the general health status of the cow, its condition, metabolic status, nutrition, and environmental conditions (heat stress, availability of food and water, animal hygiene conditions). Hormonal protocols, which aim to fix the time of insemination and consequently reduce manipulative costs and human resources, are very sensitive to management failures. In cow reproduction, the most commonly used hormones are prostaglandins, gonadotropic releasing hormone and its isomers, synthetic pituitary and extrahypophyseal gonadotropins, progesterone intravaginal devices and oxytocin. All the mentioned hormones are safe for use in dairy cows because they do not leave residues in the milk.Zbornik radova i kratkih sadržaj

Zaostala posteljica kod goveda – različiti pristupi terapiji i njihovi efekti

Given the influence of retentio secundinarum (RS) on the reproductive performance of cows, the current work aimed to assess the effect of various approaches to the treatment of retained placenta on the main reproductive parameters, primarily on the interval from parturition to the first service, and the insemination index. The trial involved 120 dairy cows in which the placenta was not expelled within 24 h postpartum. The first group (G1, n=60) contained cows in which the retained placenta was not extirpated, but they were administered antibiotics. The second group (G2, n=60) comprised cows in which the placenta was removed manually, and were also administered antibiotics. At the end of the study, 53 cows remained in G1 and 54 cows in G2. According to medicament therapy, both groups were divided into three sub-groups treated with: procaine benzylpenicillin, chlortetracycline hydrochloride or ceftiofur. Comparison of the performance of G1 and G2 cows showed significantly better fertility parameters occurred in the animals from which the retained placenta was extracted manually. The pregnancy rate in the G2 group was remarkably higher than in the G1 group. The average service interval was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the G2 group compared to the G1 group. The best results were obtained with the i.m. administration of ceftiofur after the removal of the placenta.Uzimajući u obzir uticaj RS (retentio secundinarum) na reproduktivne performanse krava, cilj ovog rada je bio da se proceni efekat različitih pristupa lečenju zadržane posteljice na glavne reproduktivne parametre, pre svega na interval od porođaja do koncepcije i indeks osemenjavanja. U ispitivanju je učestvovalo 120 muznih krava kod kojih nije došlo do izbacivanja posteljice 24 sata nakon porođaja. Prva grupa (G1, n = 60) uključivala je krave kod kojih zadržana placenta nije manuelno uklanjana, već je terapija podrazumevala samo aplikaciju antibiotika. Drugu grupu (G2, n = 60) činile su krave kojima je posteljica odstranjena manuelno i uz to primenjena antibiotska terapija. Do kraja eksperimenta je u prvoj oglednoj grupi ostalo 53 krave, a u drugoj grupi 54 krave. Prema vrsti medikamentozne terapije, obe grupe su podeljene u tri podgrupe i lečene su prokain-benzilpenicilinom, hlortetraciklin hidrohloridom i ceftiofurom. Upoređivanjem reproduktivnih performansi prve i druge grupe krava, primetni su značajno bolji parametri plodnosti kod životinja kojima je manuelno izvađena zadržana posteljica i kojima su uz to aplikovani antibiotici. Broj gravidnih životinja u G2 grupi bio veći u odnosu na G1 grupu. Prosečno trajanje servis perioda bilo je statistički značajno kraće (p<0,05) u G2 grupi u poređenju sa G1 grupom. Najbolji rezultati postignuti su i.m. primenom ceftiofura nakon uklanjanja placente