SEARCH ENGINES USING EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS

A subset of AI is, evolutionary algorithm (EA) which involves evolutionary computation, a generic populationbased meta heuristic optimization algorithm. An EA uses some mechanisms inspired by biological evolution: reproduction, mutation, recombination, and selection. A genetic algorithm (GA) is a search technique used in computing to find exact or approximate solutions to optimization and search problems. Working of a search engine deals with searching for the indexed pages and referring to the related pages within a very short span of. Search engines commonly work through indexing. The paper deals with how a search engine works and how evolutionary algorithms can be used to develop a search engine that feeds on previous user requests to retrieve alternative documents that may not be returned by more conventional search engines

Indiscapes: Instance Segmentation Networks for Layout Parsing of Historical Indic Manuscripts

Historical palm-leaf manuscript and early paper documents from Indian subcontinent form an important part of the world's literary and cultural heritage. Despite their importance, large-scale annotated Indic manuscript image datasets do not exist. To address this deficiency, we introduce Indiscapes, the first ever dataset with multi-regional layout annotations for historical Indic manuscripts. To address the challenge of large diversity in scripts and presence of dense, irregular layout elements (e.g. text lines, pictures, multiple documents per image), we adapt a Fully Convolutional Deep Neural Network architecture for fully automatic, instance-level spatial layout parsing of manuscript images. We demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed architecture on images from the Indiscapes dataset. For annotation flexibility and keeping the non-technical nature of domain experts in mind, we also contribute a custom, web-based GUI annotation tool and a dashboard-style analytics portal. Overall, our contributions set the stage for enabling downstream applications such as OCR and word-spotting in historical Indic manuscripts at scale.Comment: Oral presentation at International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR) - 2019. For dataset, pre-trained networks and additional details, visit project page at http://ihdia.iiit.ac.in

Management of dental office during COVID-19 Pandemic

Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a deadly protein molecule devastating the humankind and has brought down the life to a standstill. Its effect is determined by the interaction among the agent, the host and the environment. The proven fact that the spread of COVID-19 is air-borne has made it mandatory for the dental fraternity to follow a systematic protocol in clinical practice. A proper history of travel and exposure, thermal scanning, symptoms of sore throat, dry cough and difficulty in breathing makes you suspect an individual with COVID-19. It is imperative to consider only emergency and essential dental procedures to be carried out under strict aseptic measures, not only for suspects but also for routine patients. COVID-19 and dentistry are very closely related to each other as dental professionals are directly working in the oral cavity. Although the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare has issued comprehensive guidance to prevent the occurrence of hospital-acquired infection (HAI) in health facilities, the practice of universal precautions might still be lacking in many dental professionals due to improper knowledge. Data acquisition was carried out using the keywords, COVID-19, control of infection, and patient management in dental offices in PubMed, Medline, ProQuest, etc., electronic databases. There was also a manual scan of many journals and books, and highly relevant papers were considered for the present study

Explainable AI Framework for COVID-19 Prediction in Different Provinces of India

In 2020, covid-19 virus had reached more than 200 countries. Till December 20th 2021, 221 nations in the world had collectively reported 275M confirmed cases of covid-19 & total death toll of 5.37M. Many countries which include United States, India, Brazil, United Kingdom, Russia etc were badly affected by covid-19 pandemic due to the large population. The total confirmed cases reported in this country are 51.7M, 34.7M, 22.2M, 11.3M, 10.2M respectively till December 20, 2021. This pandemic can be controlled with the help of precautionary steps by government & civilians of the country. The early prediction of covid-19 cases helps to track the transmission dynamics & alert the government to take the necessary precautions. Recurrent Deep learning algorithms is a data driven model which plays a key role to capture the patterns present in time series data. In many literatures, the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based model are proposed for the efficient prediction of COVID-19 cases for different provinces. The study in the literature doesnt involve the interpretation of the model behavior & robustness. In this study, The LSTM model is proposed for the efficient prediction of active cases in each provinces of India. The active cases dataset for each province in India is taken from John Hopkins publicly available dataset for the duration from 10th June, 2020 to 4th August, 2021. The proposed LSTM model is trained on one state i.e., Maharashtra and tested for rest of the provinces in India. The concept of Explainable AI is involved in this study for the better interpretation & understanding of the model behavior. The proposed model is used to forecast the active cases in India from 16th December, 2021 to 5th March, 2022. It is notated that there will be a emergence of third wave on January, 2022 in India.Comment: 12 page

Marginal and internal fit evaluation of conventional metal-ceramic versus zirconia CAD/CAM crowns

The purpose of this in vivo study was to compare the marginal and internal gap widths of monolithic zirconia crowns fabricated by CAD/CAM technique and metal-ceramic crowns fabricated by conventional technique. 10 participants needing a single restoration were selected. Zirconia crowns using CAD/CAM technology (Group A) (n=10) and metal-ceramic crowns (Group B) (n=10) using lost wax casting technique were fabricated for each selected tooth. The marginal and internal gaps of crowns were recorded using a replica technique with light body silicone material stabilized with a regular set putty. Each replica was sectioned buccolingually and mesiodistally and then evaluated at five pre-determined sites. The points measured were PM for marginal gap, PA for axial gap, PAO for axio-occlusal transition gap and PO and PCO for occlusal gaps using a stereomicroscope at 30× magni?cation. The Paired Sample (t) test was used to detect significant differences between the two groups in terms of marginal and internal fit (?= 0.05). The mean for the marginal gap was 77.42?m (±39.5?m) for Group A compared with 95.86?m (±55.12?m) for Group B. Mean values for internal gap was 87.24 (±21.7 µm) for Group A and 132.91 µm (± 50.63 µm) for Group B. Significant differences were observed between both the groups for marginal (p=.010) and internal (p=.000) fit. The CAD/CAM fabricated zirconia crowns demonstrated a better accuracy of fit when compared to metal-ceramic crowns fabricated by conventional technology

Fallopian tube as a cause of intestinal obstruction: a rare case report with review of literature

Adhesive Intestinal obstruction is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in post-operative period. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical examination, plain X-ray abdomen. Authors here report an interesting case of intestinal obstruction after surgery for chronic calcific pancreatitis with pancreatic duct stone with intractable pain. In post-operative period patient developed features of intestinal obstruction, patient was planned for re- exploration and it was found that band was formed by left fallopian tube with transition point at terminal ileum and treated successfully with left Salpingectomy. Very few cases of fallopian tube as cause of intestinal obstruction have been reported in literature and it should be considered as one of the cause of intestinal obstruction in females presenting with acute abdomen

Using Simulation-based Energy Consumption of NIU Engineering Building to Provide Cost-Saving Solutions

In the current global situation where almost all countries need energy to perform their activities, providing energy is a vital demand for modern society. Furthermore, lack of fossil energy draws attention to the utilization of renewable energy, specifically solar energy. Because no specific published record of considering renewable energy solutions applied to the buildings of Northern Illinois University (NIU) have been found already, in this paper, solar energy as an energy solution for Northern Illinois University (NIU) Engineering Building (EB) has been considered. In this case, building envelope model and HVAC system model have been developed in eQUEST software to perform simulation-based energy consumption of EB. This simulation presents annual energy consumption of boiler, chiller plant, and daylighting in EB. Moreover, economic analysis of using solar energy for lighting has been performed to identify the feasibility and savings associated with solar energy which can potentially reduce costs with a reasonable payback time

CD11b suppresses TLR activation of nonclassical monocytes to reduce primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading cause of postoperative mortality in lung transplant recipients and the most important risk factor for development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. The mechanistic basis for the variability in the incidence and severity of PGD between lung transplant recipients is not known. Using a murine orthotopic vascularized lung transplant model, we found that redundant activation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and -4) on nonclassical monocytes activates MyD88, inducing the release of the neutrophil attractant chemokine CXCL2. Deletion of Itgam (encodes CD11b) in nonclassical monocytes enhanced their production of CXCL2 and worsened PGD, while a CD11b agonist, leukadherin-1, administered only to the donor lung prior to lung transplantation, abrogated CXCL2 production and PGD. The damage-associated molecular pattern molecule HMGB1 was increased in peripheral blood samples from patients undergoing lung transplantation after reperfusion and induced CXCL2 production in nonclassical monocytes via TLR4/MyD88. An inhibitor of HMGB1 administered to the donor and recipient prior to lung transplantation attenuated PGD. Our findings suggest that CD11b acts as a molecular brake to prevent neutrophil recruitment by nonclassical monocytes following lung transplantation, revealing an attractive therapeutic target in the donor lung to prevent PGD in lung transplant recipients

Ipilimumab administration for advanced melanoma in patients with pre-existing Hepatitis B or C infection: a multicenter, retrospective case series

Ipilimumab is a fully human, monoclonal antibody directed against Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) that has demonstrated a survival benefit and durable disease control in patients with advanced melanoma. Ipilimumab is associated with potentially serious immune-related adverse events, including autoimmune hepatitis. Because clinical trials of ipilimumab excluded patients with pre-existing hepatitis B or C infection, there is a paucity of data on the safety of ipilimumab administration to that patient population. Here, we report the largest case series to date of patients with hepatitis B or C who received ipilimumab for advanced melanoma. Two of the nine patients described in this case series experienced fluctuations in their liver function tests (LFTs) and were subsequently treated with corticosteroids. Although this is a small series, the rate of hepatotoxicity appears similar to what has been seen in the general population treated with ipilimumab, and the ability to administer ipilimumab did not appear to be affected by concomitant hepatitis B or C infection. The use of ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma who have pre-existing hepatitis can be considered among other therapeutic options